According to the daily monitoring data of EastFruit project, this week the potato market in Ukraine has seen a decrease in trading activity. Contrary to the hopes of farmers that this product will once again increase in price on the eve of New Year vacations, the selling prices for potatoes in Ukraine, on the contrary, began to decline. Wholesale companies, in turn, see no reason to raise prices and increase the volume of purchases of this product, as the demand for this product has significantly decreased.
Thus, today marketable potatoes are on sale in the range of 18-28 UAH/kg ($0.43-0.67/kg), depending on the quality, variety and volume of offered batches of products, which is on average 12% cheaper than at the end of the last working week.
The reason for a slight decrease in prices in this segment was not only weakening demand for potatoes, but also stable supplies of these products from foreign markets. At the same time, most key market players note mediocre quality characteristics of imported potatoes, which, in turn, affected the pace of sales of local products as well.
Nevertheless, in general, Ukrainian farmers do not complain about the selling prices for potatoes this season, because this product has risen in price by an average of 41% compared to last year. The reason for such a significant price difference experts call the decline in potato yields in Ukraine due to unfavorable weather conditions in the summer months. Many farmers also note a gradual deterioration in the quality of products stored in storage.
You can get more detailed information about the development of the market of potatoes and other horticultural products in Ukraine by subscribing to the analytical weekly EastFruit Ukraine Weekly Pro. Detailed product information is available here.
France has one of the most complex and multi-level taxation systems in place, covering both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. Let us consider the main taxes applicable to these categories of taxpayers.
Taxes for legal entities
1) Corporate income tax (Impôt sur les Sociétés, IS):
Its standard rate is 25% on company profits. A reduced rate of 15% is possible and applies to the first 38,120 euros of profit for small and medium-sized enterprises with an annual turnover of less than 7.63 million euros.
Some companies can choose between being taxed under the income tax system (Impôt sur le Revenu, IR) or the corporate tax system (IS), depending on their legal form and capital structure.
2) Value added tax (Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée, TVA), its rates are also diversified. The standard rate is 20%, and the reduced rates are: 10%, 5.5% and 2.1% are applied to certain goods and services.
3) There is also a tax called the territorial economic contribution (Contribution Économique Territoriale, CET). It consists of two components – a tax on the value of commercial real estate (Cotisation Foncière des Entreprises, CFE) and a contribution to the value added of business (Cotisation sur la Valeur Ajoutée des Entreprises, CVAE). The rates depend on the location and turnover of the company; the maximum CVAE rate is 1.5% for companies with a turnover of more than EUR 50 million.
4) There is also a so-called vehicle tax (Taxe sur les Véhicules de Sociétés, TVS). It is levied on companies that use cars for commercial or business purposes. The rates depend on the type of vehicle, its age, and CO₂ emissions.
Taxes for individual entrepreneurs (IEs) are also quite complicated.
1) Income tax (Impôt sur le Revenu, IR) with a progressive scale from 0% to 45%, depending on annual income. The income of individual entrepreneurs is taxed on the same scale as the income of individuals. There are various taxation regimes for individual entrepreneurs, such as “micro-entrepreneur” with a simplified accounting and taxation system.
2) Social contributions – individual entrepreneurs are required to pay social and health insurance contributions, the amount of which depends on the type of activity and income level.
3) Value added tax (TVA). Individual entrepreneurs are required to register as VAT payers if their annual turnover exceeds certain thresholds, for example, for trade in goods it is 91,900 euros, and for the provision of services – 36,800 euros.
Like almost any other country in the world, there is a real estate tax (Taxe Foncière). It is levied on property owners, regardless of their residency status. The rates are determined by local authorities and depend on the cadastral value of the property.
There is also still a tax on residence (Taxe d’Habitation), which is levied on persons living in real estate as of January 1 of the reporting year. This tax is being gradually abolished for most households; the full transition is expected to be completed in the coming years.
The luxury tax or Impôt sur la Fortune Immobilière (IFI) is levied on individuals whose real estate in France is valued at more than EUR 1.3 million. There is a progressive scale from 0.5% to 1.5% of the property value.
The French tax system is characterized by a high degree of progressivity and diversity of taxes, which requires careful planning and accounting when doing business. It is recommended to consult with professional tax advisors to ensure compliance with current legal requirements and optimize the tax burden.
http://relocation.com.ua/osoblyvosti-podatkovoi-systemy-frantsii-na-kinets-2024-roku-styslyj-analiz/
The taxation system in the Netherlands is quite diverse. Let’s take a brief look at some of its features.
Taxes for legal entities are as follows.
1) Corporate income tax (CIT):
The rate ranges from 19% on profits up to EUR 200,000, to 25.8% on profits over EUR 200,000.
There are a number of peculiarities here, for example, resident companies are taxed on global income, while non-residents are taxed only on income from sources in the Netherlands. Under certain conditions, dividends and capital gains may be exempted from taxation under the substantial participation exemption.
2) Value added tax (VAT) ranges from the standard rate of 21% to a reduced rate of 9% (applicable to certain goods and services) and even to a zero rate of 0% (for exports and some specific cases). It is worth noting that businessmen are required to register as VAT payers and submit declarations on a quarterly basis.
3) Dividend tax, with a rate of 15%, is withheld when paying dividends to shareholders. The rate may be reduced or eliminated under international double taxation treaties.
4) Capital gains tax – gains from the sale of capital assets are usually included in the taxable base and taxed at standard corporate tax rates.
5) Social security contributions for employees should not be forgotten. Employers are obliged to withhold and remit social security and healthcare contributions for all their employees.
In the Netherlands, the taxation system allows you to register as a private entrepreneur. In this case, the businessman will have income tax obligations, the rate of which is 9.32% for income up to 38,098 euros (including the national insurance contribution of 27.65%, the total rate is 36.97%), 36.97% for income from 38,098 to 75,518 euros, and income over 75,518 euros per year is taxed at a rate of 49.50%.
Individual entrepreneurs are also required to pay social security and healthcare contributions, the amount of which depends on their income. Sole proprietorships are required to register as VAT payers and file quarterly tax returns, similar to legal entities.
There is also a real estate tax, with property owners paying an annual tax, the amount of which depends on the cadastral value and is set by local authorities.
The inheritance and gift tax applies to recipients of inheritance or gift, with rates depending on the degree of kinship and the value of the property received.
In general, the Dutch tax system is characterized by progressive rates and a variety of taxes, which requires a careful approach to tax planning. It is recommended to consult with professional tax advisors on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the current legal requirements.
http://relocation.com.ua/osoblyvosti-podatkovoi-systemy-niderlandiv-korotkyj-analiz/
PJSC “Ukrnafta” on December 25 announced a tender for services of compulsory insurance of civil liability of owners of motor vehicles (MTPL).
As reported in the electronic public procurement system “Prozorro”, the expected cost of the purchase of services is UAH 2.722 million. Documents are accepted until January 6.
As reported, the winner of a similar tender a year earlier was IC “Arsenal Insurance”, whose offer amounted to UAH 1.907 million at an expected cost of UAH 2.750 million.
