Relocation project has analyzed economic indicators of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For convenience, the data are presented in blocks by topics and areas.
1. GDP growth and economic development rates
- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts real GDP growth of 2.8% in 2025.
- The World Bank expects 2.7 % growth in 2025 and a further acceleration to 3.1 % in 2026.
- Analysts at wiiw also forecast 2.4% growth for 2025, based on a recovery in domestic consumption and demand from the EU.
- The Western Balkan regions as a whole are projected to grow ≈3.2 %, but growth could be below average for individual countries, including Bosnia.
2. Nominal GDP and per capita income
- According to Wikipedia, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s nominal GDP at the end of 2025 is expected to be ≈ $29.86 billion and per capita income is expected to be about $8,670.
3- Inflation and price dynamics
- According to the IMF, average inflation is ≈ 3.8% in 2025 (rising due to higher food prices) with a subsequent decline to 2% in the medium term.
- Trading Economics records a higher level: 4.8% in July 2025, the highest since June 2023.
- WIIW estimates average annual inflation at 2.5 %, although it further notes that it exceeded 3 % in the first months of 2025.
4. Public debt and fiscal sustainability
- Public debt rises from 29 % to 29.9 % of GDP between 2024 and 2025, according to the IMF.
- According to Wikipedia, the public debt level is only 16.9 % of GDP at the end of 2024 – perhaps only external debt is taken into account.
5. Currency stability and reserves
- The country’s currency is the convertible mark (BAM), pegged to the euro under a currency board (currency board), which ensures exchange rate stability.
- Foreign exchange reserves amounted to about €9 billion, equivalent to ~6.9 months of imports, as estimated by the IMF.
6. Unemployment and labor market
- The unemployment rate by the end of 2024 was 11.7%.
- Wikipedia gives the same value: 11.7% (December 2024) and 27.3% youth.
7. Population and demography
- According to Wikipedia, the population as of April 7, 2025 is ≈ 3.14 million.
- IMF indicates a value of 3.445 million, without specifying the date.
- Overall, the population shows a moderate decline (partly due to migration and natural decline), although no significant demographic data for 2025 is provided.
8. Other factors and risks
- Strong minimum wage growth (increase of over 60%) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) supports purchasing power but may cause inflationary pressures.
- Services sector and domestic consumption are the main drivers of growth (about 65% of GDP).
- Annual current account deficit is expected at 4-4.1% of GDP, worsened by lower exports and higher imports.
- International Monetary Fund forecast: general fiscal sustainability with moderate growth of debt and reserves.
- There are recommendations for structural reforms (export-oriented model, investment, labor market reforms).
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is a state in Southeastern Europe, located on the Balkan Peninsula. The capital is Sarajevo. The population is estimated at about 3.2 million (2025).
The country has a complex state structure: it consists of two autonomous entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, as well as the Brcko District. The country is a candidate for accession to the European Union (since 2016).
http://relocation.com.ua/bosnia-and-herzegovinas-economy-an-overview-from-relocation/
Bosnia and Herzegovina
