Business news from Ukraine

Business news from Ukraine

KNUCA Veterans Institute Will Hold Open House Events for Veterans and Their Families

The “Architecture of Resilience” Veterans Institute at the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture will hold a series of open house events in May for veterans, defenders, and their family members.

According to the organizers, the events will take place on May 15, May 21, and May 28, 2026, at 3:00 PM at the following address: 2 Preobrazhenska St., KNUCA Student Center.

During the open house events, participants will be able to obtain information about admission opportunities to higher education institutions for veterans and their family members, benefits, support, and personalized admission pathways, as well as learn about educational, retraining, and professional development programs.

In addition, the organizers will present opportunities for psychological, social, and rehabilitation support provided by the Veterans Cluster of Ukraine and the KNUBA Institute of Veterans. Veterans and their families will also have the opportunity to ask the support team questions regarding education, adaptation, and further professional development.

KNUBA noted that the Institute of Veterans has begun preparations for the 2026 admissions campaign for veterans, defenders of Ukraine, as well as their children and family members. The program provides for admission to higher education institutions without the National Multidisciplinary Test (NMT)—based on an interview—the opportunity to study in over 100 fields and more than 250 educational programs, as well as individual support—from submitting documents to finding employment or starting a business.

The institute notes that education for veterans is viewed as a tool for returning to an active professional role and participating in the country’s reconstruction. That is why the program combines academic study with psychological support, rehabilitation components, practical projects, and partnerships with employers.

Programs are available in full-time, part-time, and distance learning formats—across Ukraine and from abroad. For veterans and defenders, admission is granted without the National Multidisciplinary Test (NMT) or the Unified State Exam (USE), based solely on an interview that takes into account prior service, educational, or work experience.

The 2026 admissions campaign places special emphasis on fields critical to the country’s recovery, including engineering, construction, architecture, IT, management, security, ecology, physical rehabilitation, and sports.

Participation in tuition-free education, as the organizers clarify, involves the use of state compensation programs, grants, scholarships, and support from employers.

Admission takes place within the framework of the main admissions campaign—from July 1 to August 10—with documents required to be prepared and submitted by July 1.

The program’s partner universities include Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine, Western Ukrainian National University, Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Drohobych National Pedagogical University, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Ivan Pul’uj Ternopil National Technical University, and the University of Educational Management.

Details and consultations are available on the website www.Veterano.info

Contact information for inquiries: +38 073 94 96 179, +38 050 22 35 182, +38 067 49 81 098.

Email: center@uvc.in.net or veterano@knuba.edu.ua

Director: Artem Goncharenko, +38 073 177 72 73.

, ,

KNUBA student joins Ukrainian national team to participate in international veterans’ competitions in USA

Vadym Honcharenko, a student at Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture and a veteran, has joined the Ukrainian national team that will represent the country at the Air Force and Marine Corps Trials international veterans and military competition in the United States in 2026. This was reported by the Come Back Alive Charitable Foundation’s Center for Initiatives.

Based on the results of the selection process, 15 veterans—winners of the All-Ukrainian Defense Forces Competition “GART”—joined the team.

The formation, preparation, and participation of the Ukrainian team in international competitions are carried out jointly by the Ministry of Veterans Affairs of Ukraine and the Come Back Alive Initiative Center.

The Air Force and Marine Corps Trials are international adaptive competitions for military personnel and veterans, which are an official stage of selection for the Warrior Games. They are held annually in the United States and bring together participants from around the world, becoming an important element of the international sports and rehabilitation movement for veterans.

Vadym Honcharenko’s sporting achievements

Throughout 2025, Vadym Honcharenko demonstrated results in a number of adaptive and strength sports. He became the Ukrainian champion in para-arm wrestling and also represented Ukraine at the European Championships.

Throughout the year, Vadym repeatedly participated in functional and team sports competitions, including the Spartan Race, marathons, rugby, and CrossFit competitions. In November, he won the Zvytyaga Nezkonenyh (Victory of the Unconquered) strongman competition among military personnel and veterans, taking first place in several strength disciplines. The end of the year was marked by new prize places in rowing, powerlifting, and strongman multi-event competitions.

, , , ,

KNUBA and Swedish V94 prepare veterans for work in construction safety

Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, together with the Swedish organization V94, is launching the SAFER Reconstruction project, aimed at training specialists in occupational health, safety, and the environment (HSE). The training process will be organized by the Vinnytsia Professional College of Construction, Architecture, and Design, a structural unit of KNUCA. The university will coordinate the program and provide expert support. This was announced by Rector Oleksiy Dniprov.

As part of the initiative, 30 Ukrainian veterans will undergo training to become HSE coordinators and implement EU standards in the construction industry during the reconstruction of Ukraine.

The training program will combine a theoretical component, practical training, and a module on democratic values and European integration. The program is currently being adapted to current market needs in compliance with Ukrainian and European standards.

KNUBA will provide coordination and academic support for the training process. The university’s role includes mentoring Vinnytsia College teachers, providing expertise in the preparation of training materials, quality control of educational content, and participation in the development of the theoretical and practical parts of the program. The KNUBA Institute for Reintegration, Rehabilitation, and Professional Development of Veterans “Architecture of Sustainability” is actively involved in the implementation of the program and is responsible for supporting participants and identifying their educational needs.

The SAFER Reconstruction project brings together an international consortium of partners: V94 – management and coordination, BDO Consulting – training of trainers, Vinnytsia Vocational College – implementation of training, Confederation of Builders of Ukraine – access to practical training at construction sites, Ukrainian Veterans Fund – selection and support of participants, Association of Civic Education Teachers – teaching of EU democratic values.

The project is funded by the Swedish Institute, a government agency of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs that supports international educational, cultural, and democratic programs. The Institute works to strengthen global cooperation, promote sustainable development, develop democracy, and engage citizens in public life, which is in line with the main objectives of the project in Ukraine.

V94 was founded in 2022 to promote Ukraine’s recovery, in particular by using Swedish experience to develop vocational training in the construction sector.

, , ,

Five innovative projects were presented to business community by KNUCA students at 5th Ukrainian Construction Congress

Students and young scientists from the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, with the support of university scientists, presented five innovative projects in the field of construction and architecture as part of the VIRA! pilot project during the V Ukrainian Construction Congress, which took place in Kyiv.

VIRA! is the first pitching platform developed by entrepreneurs to promote innovative solutions in the construction industry. The platform aims to bring together experts and investors with young engineers, architects, and designers who are seeking change for real reconstruction projects.

Here is a brief overview of the projects presented by KNUBA students.

Veteran spaces: Yevheniia Horova, Yevheniia Kostinska, Artem Honcharenko.
A project to create a multifunctional space to provide comprehensive (psychological, medical, social, professional) support to veterans. The main challenge is to rebuild not only buildings but also communities. Each veteran space should be multifunctional and community-oriented. The project requires a flexible approach to design and a multidisciplinary approach involving the community.
Concrete for 3D printing using recycled materials from destroyed buildings and structures: Ivan Ivanov, Oles Lastivka
A project to implement promising 3D printing technology using the remains of war-destroyed buildings and agricultural waste. The goal is to ensure fast, high-quality, and cost-effective reconstruction and solve the problem of construction waste disposal, up to 90% of which consists of debris. The technology also allows for the creation of complex architectural forms for spaces that promote recovery, such as veterans’ spaces.

Fungal technologies and circularity in reconstruction: Kateryna Krolenko, Sofia Galat, Anastasia Melnyk
A project to apply mushroom technologies and circularity in the reconstruction of Ukraine. Taking into account the principle of build back better, testing of the latest environmentally friendly materials, in particular insulation based on mushroom mycelium, is ongoing—not only in laboratories but also in field conditions. The tasks for the next stages include improving the technical qualities of the fungal composite and R&D of the insulation in construction laboratories, as well as working with policymakers on certification and asbestos issues, resource mobilization, and community education.

Administrative Services Center: Yulia Gerya, Danylo Galik
The Administrative Services Center (ASC) project is the winner of an open architectural competition among KNUBA students for the best conceptual project for the reuse of an energy-efficient building to provide administrative services with improved environmental characteristics, “Green Reconstruction in Action.” The master plan includes the ASC building with solar panels on the roof, a shelter, a parking lot, and a utility area. The project demonstrates a comprehensive design that combines a modern facade with detailed planning of all areas.

Game-Based Learning for the Development of Management Competencies: Mykhailo Karpov, Artem Vasyuk, Vladyslav Kontsevyi
The project proposes the use of the Smart PM City educational computer game for building a “smart city,” which is based on project management principles, for the effective training of project managers. A safe environment for mistakes has been created, where participants can experiment with solutions without real risks, but with corresponding consequences in the game. The game develops management skills through the task of building a long-term city development strategy, balancing short-term benefits and long-term investments. It is a universal solution for integrating various educational topics: management, finance, marketing, ecology, etc.

Launched by the organizers of Ukrbudcongress, the VIRA! lifting platform has become a unique space where young people shared their ideas for the future reconstruction of Ukraine with an expert audience—construction business owners and leading industry specialists. The opportunity to receive professional feedback and recommendations for better implementation of ideas and developments became a real pitching of solutions for the future reconstruction of Ukraine and helped to understand how exactly it is possible to influence the future of the industry.

“University education cannot be separated from the market and the situation in the country. We can only develop and produce quality results in close cooperation with stakeholders at various levels. We are now presenting five projects and hope that there will be more next year. We are proud that the projects presented have developed from student initiatives or have arisen in response to requests from our stakeholders in the public sector and business. Businesses have a clear vision of their development path, and the advice of practitioners will be very useful for us, for students, and for young scientists,” said Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Vice Rector for Scientific Work and Innovative Development at KNUBA.

Mark Kestelboim, founder and moderator of the platform, CEO of Well-Being Contech, noted:
“Today, Ukraine has a real opportunity to set an incredible precedent: to become a laboratory of innovation, a startup platform within the entire country, where modern standards and inclusion are combined with sustainable technologies for the sake of the future. VIRA! is the first event that will serve as a bridge between young innovators and businesses seeking change. I hope that the platform will become a regular event and that its results will go beyond the platform and bring real benefits to the country.”

The experts in the professional dialogue with students were Anna Iskierdo, creative director and co-founder of AIMM (a graduate of KNUBA), Yaroslav Korniyachenko, founder and CEO of Vlasne misto, Mykhailo Tarasyuk, Big Waves development, Serhiy Odarych, founder of ODA Development, and Vitaliy Borul, CEO of Credo Development.
The topics that the VIRA! project will continue to focus on are urbanism and territorial development, digital technologies in construction management, architecture and new housing typologies, sustainability and green technologies, innovative materials and structures, community solutions, and social services.

, , , , , ,

Creative exams have begun: veterans enroll at KNUBA

The admission campaign is in full swing at the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUBA) – creative competitions for applicants began in early July. Among those taking exams this summer are Ukrainian defenders. In particular, veteran Vadym Honcharenko and several of his comrades have decided to enroll at KNUBA. They have chosen modern and sought-after specialties, such as architecture, industrial and civil engineering (ICE), physical education and sports (coaching), cybersecurity, as well as a field to which the university pays special attention – ecology and environmental protection technologies (EPT). According to the veterans, they understand the importance of higher education and retraining: new knowledge will help them join the great reconstruction of the country and find themselves in a peaceful life. Vadym Honcharenko, who uses a wheelchair, notes that continuing his education is both a challenge and an opportunity for him. For the university and the Ukrainian Veterans Cluster, this case highlights the relevance of accessibility issues: they are now jointly seeking funding to adapt the educational space to the needs of students with disabilities.

“The war will end sooner or later, but education and reconstruction will definitely continue. We need to prepare for this now,” said Natalia Goncharenko, head of the Ukrainian Veterans Cluster, quoting a well-known opinion about the inevitability of peace and development. As the leader of a veterans’ organization, she emphasizes the need to invest in veterans’ knowledge today. Natalia added that the admission campaign is ongoing, and those who wish to obtain a master’s degree on a budgetary basis still have a chance to submit their documents—the state and partners provide separate funding opportunities for veterans. Thanks to the efforts of the Veterans Cluster and KNUBA, with the support of business partners, a program of special scholarships for veterans and their families has already been launched. The first benefactor of this initiative was Axor Industry. At a recent event dedicated to the launch of the Re:Veterans Platform reintegration program, Axor’s Deputy Marketing Director Olena Krekina presented a program of cooperation between employers on internships and employment for veterans. As a stakeholder representative, Olena is preparing to teach at the university starting next academic year in order to directly share her experience with veteran students.

These innovations are being implemented in line with the state policy of supporting defenders. On July 11, KNUBA and the Ministry of Veterans Affairs signed a memorandum of cooperation that expands opportunities for training and professional adaptation for veterans in Ukraine. “For the university, the veteran program is a response to one of the main challenges facing the country. We help veterans gain a new profession and return to civilian life with relevant knowledge and skills,” said KNUBA Rector Oleksii Dniprov. According to Deputy Minister for Veterans Affairs Yulia Kirillova, combatants and their families can now obtain a master’s degree at KNUBA free of charge, as well as obtain another specialty based on a previously obtained diploma. In addition, veterans and their children can study at colleges affiliated with the university under a state program (CMU Resolution No. 432). For its part, the university provides the Ministry with expert support in creating a modern infrastructure for veterans. In particular, specialists from KNUBA and the Institute for the Reintegration of Veterans “Architecture of Resilience” are involved in developing the concept of “veteran spaces” — a network of multifunctional support centers for veterans and their families. It should be noted that KNUBA students who are children of veterans are already eligible for compensation for one year of study. All these steps are designed to ensure a smooth transition from military service to a successful civilian career for our defenders.

Veteran reintegration: employment and entrepreneurship after the war

The Ukrainian Veterans Cluster emphasizes that the most important result of all educational initiatives is a veteran (and their family) who is employed or a veteran entrepreneur who has started their own business. The goal is not only to obtain a diploma, but also to enable defenders to become economically independent and successful in peaceful life. Global experience confirms that the integration of veterans into the economy through education, work, or entrepreneurship gives a powerful impetus to the development of a country.

  • After World War I (United Kingdom): the government introduced a program to support higher education for former military personnel. Between 1919 and 1923, the Higher Education Scheme for Ex-Servicemen was in place, under which approximately 28,000 veterans in England and Wales received grants to study at universities. This was an unprecedented step that effectively doubled the number of students compared to pre-war times and laid the foundation for the post-war system of university grants.
  • After World War II (USA): the legendary GI Bill, a law on benefits for veterans, was passed. Thanks to this program, nearly half of the 16 million American veterans of World War II received education or vocational training at public expense. Such a large-scale investment project protected the country from post-war unemployment and laid the foundation for an economic boom. Many military graduates not only built successful careers, but also started their own businesses. According to estimates, 49.7% of US veterans after World War II became business owners or managers, and after the Korean War, about 40%. This created millions of jobs for veterans and their generation. In 1990, President George H. W. Bush noted that the GI Bill had changed the lives of millions by “replacing old barriers with pathways to opportunity.”
  • Post-war reconstruction (United Kingdom): Britain also focused on education and social support for demobilized soldiers. A system of state scholarships known as the Further Education and Training Scheme (FETS) was created to cover the costs of education for all former military personnel who wished to study. As a result, annual university enrolment in the country rose from ~50,000 (before the war) to 80,000 after the war. Veterans gained new professions – engineers, architects, teachers – and joined the reconstruction of the economy at all levels. This social elevator significantly increased mobility in society and enabled talented people, regardless of their background, to realize their potential after the war.
  • Israel – “Startup Nation”: compulsory military service in Israel became the foundation for the phenomenal rise of the country’s high-tech business. Today, Israel has the world’s highest number of startups per capita and record levels of venture capital. The culture of entrepreneurship and innovation there has been shaped in large part by veterans of the Israel Defense Forces. Former military personnel, particularly graduates of elite units such as Unit 8200, apply the leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving skills they acquired in the military to business. It is not only Unit 8200 – veterans from various specialties are founding companies in cybersecurity, programming, and engineering. Veteran startups have become the driving force behind what Israel calls the “startup nation.” According to Israeli investors, military service teaches young people responsibility, perseverance, and creativity—the very qualities that entrepreneurs need. As a result, the state gains a powerful layer of educated business leaders, hardened by their military experience. Global examples show that by investing in veterans’ education today, society gains not only socially protected heroes, but also new professionals, managers, and innovators who are capable of developing the economy.

“Veterans are not only a force that protects, but also a force that builds,” emphasizes Axor, a company that supports veteran initiatives. The main task is to help defenders realize their potential in peaceful life. In Ukraine, this philosophy is already being implemented through retraining programs, partnerships with businesses, and support for entrepreneurship among former military personnel. After all, every veteran who finds employment or starts a successful business is not only a personal victory for the soldier, but also a contribution to the sustainable development and recovery of the country.

 

, ,

KNUBA presented best of 300 architectural solutions for development of Medvynska community (projects)

KNUBA presented the best of 300 architectural concepts for the Medvynska community in the Kyiv region, ranging from the renovation of existing buildings to visions for future public spaces. The work was carried out by students under the guidance of Tetyana Ladan, associate professor at the Department of Fundamentals of Architecture and Architectural Design at KNUBA. This was announced by Rector Oleksii Dniprov.

“Each of the concepts presented is part of a comprehensive spatial strategy, executed in a unified style and logic. I am convinced that these projects can be implemented in practice. This confirms one of our key missions – to participate in the reconstruction of Ukraine in cooperation with communities,” said Oleksii Dniprov.

He added that the projects were the result of a partnership between the university and the community, which was formalized in a memorandum.

The conceptual projects presented relate to both new architectural solutions and the transformation of existing facilities. Some of them were presented in VR format.

“300 conceptual projects are a significant contribution to the development of the Medvyn community’s development strategy and spatial planning. I am grateful to the students, teachers, and everyone who participated in this process. The Medvyn community is open to change, and we are ready to move forward together,” said Ignatius Sergienko, head of the Medvyn community.

Below are five concepts that reflect the implementation of the community’s urgent needs.

Modular medical facility in the village of Medvyn – the “Beehive” concept

The concept provides for a convenient modular layout with compact rooms for doctor consultations, physiotherapy procedures, and a day hospital. An X-ray room, laboratories, and other necessary facilities are also provided.

The penthouses have mezzanines and skylights in the pyramid roofs. The rooms also have open terraces with pergolas for sun protection.

The roof has space for a café-restaurant, connected to open terraces and therapeutic gardens.

The residential blocks are designed for 1 or 2 visitors and can be used to accommodate doctors invited to consult with community residents.

The basement can accommodate 50 people and can be converted into a multipurpose space that can also be used as a shelter. The site has parking and convenient access to emergency medical services.

Modular outpatient clinic on Oleksandra Vasylenka Street in the village of Medvyn

1 – new general family medicine clinic, 2 – renovation of the old clinic into a rehabilitation center, 3 – Sunday school, 4 – visitor parking, 5 – ambulance parking.

Authors: architects, associate professors at KNUBA – Tetiana Ladan, Iryna Novosad, with the participation of Vladyslava Shevtsova, a student at the Department of Fundamentals of Architecture and Architectural Design.

Reconstruction of a school in the village of Shcherbashyntsi into a rehabilitation center – the “P’yatitsvit” concept

The concept involves insulating the facades, redesigning the premises for residential use, and dividing the master plan into five zones, like five petals: a playground, an area for active games (volleyball, tennis), a quiet area for elderly people to relax with tables for board games, a cherry orchard, barrier-free vegetable gardens accessible to people in wheelchairs. An amphitheater, a hairdresser’s, gazebos, and an apiary complete the cozy ecosystem for restoring strength and energy.

Schematic plan of the school’s reconstruction into a rehabilitation center at 1 Kvitneva Street in the village of Shcherbashyntsi

1 – rehabilitation center, 2 – hairdresser, 3 – parking lot, 4 – turning area for vehicles, 5 – symbolic place, 6 – gazebo, 7 – barrier-free vegetable gardens, 8 – young cherry orchard, 9 – volleyball and tennis court, 10 – playground, 11 – flower garden, 12 – sports ground with exercise equipment; 13 – common area, 14 – place for walking animals, 15 – amphitheater, 16 – old tree garden, 17 – area with tables for board games, 18 – apiary.

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, student of the Department of Theory of Architecture and Architectural Design, Artem Tmenov.

Stele at the entrance to the village of Huta and transport stops – concept “Perekotypole”

The stele attracts tourists to a quest – “find the letters of the alphabet.” The structure is kinetic, and the movement mechanism is powered by a solar panel.

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, student of the Department of Architectural Environment Design Anton Fesik.

The letters “Г”, “У”, ‘Т’, and “А” form the basis of the three-dimensional composition of the village bus stops. Uniform designs were used, which, with partial replacement of elements or reversal, can look like different objects. Lighting is powered by solar energy, and there is a possibility to charge gadgets. The roofs of the stops are proposed to be used for green gardens and the installation of solar panels.

Transport stops in the village of Huta

1 – kinetic stele at the entrance to the village of Huta, 2 – stop in the shape of the letter “G”, 3 – stop in the shape of the letter “U”, 4 – stop in the shape of the letter ‘T’, 5 – stop in the shape of the letter “A”, 6 – string transport track

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, students of the Department of Architectural Design of Civil Buildings and Structures Maria Korf, Polina Lomachuk, Viktoria Yermolaieva, Yelyzaveta Chepurna, student of the Department of Fundamentals of Architecture and Architectural Design Ksenia Taran.

Recreation area, festival venue, and health complex in the village of Medvyn – concept “Parade of Planets”

Near the Medvyn House of Culture, there are plans to build a terrace, a wave-shaped ramp, a terrace park with an alley of fountains, an open-air amphitheater, a playground, and a footbridge.

Recreation area on Shevchenko Street in the village of Medvyn

1 – cultural center, 2 – municipality, 3 – observation terrace, 4 – playground, 5 – footbridge, 6 – terrace park with an alley of fountains, 7 – amphitheater, 8 – skate park

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, student of the Department of Theory of Architecture and Architectural Design Alona Starostenko.

Below the relief, there is a fairground, a park for festivals and sports venues, a motel or themed houses on the slopes, integrated into the landscape with observation terraces.

Festival area on Shevchenko Street in the village of Medvyn

1 – main alley, 2 – house-note for musicians, 3 – creative house for artists, 4 – house-shuttlecock for coaches, 5 – gazebo, 6 – mini stadium, 7 – sports grounds, 8 – fountain, 9 – motel, 10 – shopping arcade, 11 – stage

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, students of the Department of Urban Planning – Polina Nechai, Yelyzaveta Voloshchuk.

The concept also includes the creation of a health complex in the village of Medvina, with a waterfall, a water channel with bridges, a spa complex, resort terrace houses with swimming pools and sports grounds, which can be reached along the channel by winding ramps.

Health complex in the direction of Mount Totokha and the Totokhavud tourist complex in the village of Medvina

1 – resort house, 2 – spa complex, 3 – sports area, 4 – water canal, 5 – park area, 6 – waterfall, 7 – parking, 8 – shelter.

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, students of the Department of Urban Planning Anastasia Haidaienko, Eva Kazakova, Vladislav Yakunin, Oleksandra Rozumna.

Tourist complex in the village of Medvini – the “Totohavud” concept

A location for festivals, fairs, and other events. Located near a local landmark – Totohava Mountain. The pavilions consist of lightweight modular structures that blend harmoniously into the natural environment.

There is a utility area, public restrooms, an open-air cinema, venues for special events, a pavilion-café, photo zones, a water canal, and parking. The pavilions are designed to resemble male and female silhouettes performing folk rituals such as round dances, spring songs, and haymaking.

Zoning of the territory near Mount Totokha:

1 – utility area, 2 – public restroom area, 3 – open-air cinema area, 4 – area for special events, 5 – area for food and souvenir pavilions, 6 – café pavilions, 7 – photo zones and recreation areas, 8 – water channel area, 9 – parking area, 10 – Mount Totokha area.

Authors: Tetiana Ladan, students of the Department of Architectural Environment Design Dmytro Ryabets, Nataliia Demchenko, with the participation of Aliona Starostenko, a student of the Department of Theory of Architecture and Architectural Design.

Information and graphic materials for the publication were kindly provided by the authors’ teams led by Tetiana Ladan.