According to Fixygen, the German Ministry of Finance has drafted a proposal to reform the taxation of crypto assets, which would introduce a 25% tax rate on profits from the sale of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies, regardless of the length of time the asset was held.
The corresponding draft bill is in the early stages of approval within the federal government, Handelsblatt reported on September 9, citing a document obtained by the publication. Germany currently remains one of the most attractive major European jurisdictions for long-term private investors in cryptocurrencies. Under current rules, profits from the sale of crypto assets held for more than one year are generally not subject to income tax. If an asset is sold within 12 months of purchase, the profit is classified as a private sale of property and taxed at the taxpayer’s individual rate. This procedure was confirmed by official clarifications from the German Ministry of Finance on March 6, 2025.
The new model is expected to fundamentally change this approach. It is proposed to reclassify crypto assets from the category of private property transactions to the category of capital gains and tax them similarly to profits from stock transactions. The base rate of the Abgeltungsteuer will be 25%. Taking into account the solidarity surcharge, the effective tax rate could reach 26.375%, excluding any potential church tax.
The proposed rules would apply only to cryptocurrency acquired after December 31, 2026. For Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other assets purchased earlier, the current tax regime is expected to remain in place.
The bill calls for the new rules to take effect on January 1, 2027. However, automatic tax withholding by German cryptocurrency service providers is planned to be introduced only on January 1, 2028, to give platforms time to restructure their accounting systems.
The Ministry of Finance estimates that the rule change will generate approximately EUR 160 million in additional tax revenue for the budget in 2028. In subsequent years, the amount is expected to increase and, according to the ministry’s calculations, reach approximately EUR 350 million in 2030.
The reform will effectively eliminate the main tax advantage of long-term cryptocurrency ownership in Germany. It will no longer be sufficient for an investor to hold Bitcoin or Ethereum for more than a year to fully exempt the profit from the sale from taxation.
However, a final decision has not yet been made. The Ministry of Finance’s draft is in the early stages of interagency coordination, after which the document must undergo further review by the government, the Bundestag, and the Bundesrat.
Separately, Germany is already increasing tax transparency for transactions involving digital assets. In November 2025, the Bundestag approved the implementation of the European DAC8 Directive, which requires crypto service providers to report information on certain customer transactions to tax authorities.
The Ukrainian engineering and construction company “Rauta” has been included in the list of taxpayers with a high level of voluntary compliance with Ukrainian tax legislation, the company reported, citing Order No. 600 of the State Tax Service dated August 31, 2026.
According to Rauta, the company fulfills its tax obligations in a timely and complete manner and has no tax arrears.
“Responsible business is not just about fulfilling obligations, but first and foremost about the values that guide the company every day. Honesty in all aspects of our work and the conscientious payment of taxes are our contribution to strengthening Ukraine’s economy,” said Andriy Ozeychuk, director of Rauta.
On September 7, the State Tax Service reported that as of August 2026, 9,706 business entities had been included in the new list of taxpayers with a high level of voluntary compliance with the law—the highest number since the list was first compiled. Compared to August 2025, their number increased by nearly 36%.
Of the total, 9,132 are legal entities, including 5,068 companies under the general taxation system, 484 “Diya.City” residents, 1,707 legal entities that are Group III single-tax payers, and 1,873 Group IV single-tax payers. Another 574 entities on the list are individual entrepreneurs.
The companies included in the list paid 192.7 billion UAH in taxes to the consolidated budget from January through June 2026, representing 16.23% of all tax revenues for that period. The State Tax Service intends to publish the official list, approved as of August, on its website on September 18. Notifications were sent to the included taxpayers via their online accounts on September 1.
The State Tax Service compiles this list quarterly. General requirements include having no tax arrears or violations of reporting deadlines, not being classified as a high-risk VAT payer, and having no sanctions or bankruptcy proceedings. For legal entities under the general tax system, the list also takes into account the level of corporate income tax and VAT payments compared to industry averages, as well as employee salary levels.
Rauta has been operating in the Ukrainian construction market for over 25 years and specializes in the design, supply, and installation of structures for commercial and industrial buildings, the renovation of facilities, and general contracting. The company is the exclusive supplier in Ukraine of commercial products from the Finnish Ruukki Group. According to Rauta, the company has completed over 1,000 projects and supplied more than 2 million square meters of sandwich panels since its inception.
As of July 1, 2026, the Poltava region ranked first in Ukraine in terms of the average amount of tax debt per debtor company.
According to data from the State Tax Service cited by Opendatabot, the average tax debt per company in Poltava Oblast is approximately 2.78 million UAH.
Kirovohrad Oblast ranks second in this metric, with an average of about 2.2 million UAH per company in debt.
These figures significantly exceed the national average. In total, 218,731 companies owe the state 263.32 billion UAH, meaning the average debt is approximately 1.2 million UAH per company.
However, the largest number of debtors and the largest absolute amount of debt are concentrated not in the Poltava region, but in Kyiv. There are 58,056 debtor companies registered in the capital, with a combined debt of 96.06 billion UAH.
Thus, regional statistics reveal a significant difference between the number of debtors and the size of the debt: Kyiv dominates in terms of absolute figures, while Poltava Oblast leads in terms of the average debt per company.
Source: Opendatabot
The rise in artisanal gasoline production within Ukraine was one of the factors behind the decline in official fuel imports in August 2026, according to the A-95 Consulting Group.
According to the group, imports of automotive gasoline in August totaled 152,000 metric tons, which is 7% less than a year earlier.
“In August, gasoline shipments were lower due to large carryover stocks and the growth of domestic illicit production, driven by the ability to add tax-exempt solvents,” A-95 reported.
Experts believe that government agencies—primarily the State Tax Service—need to strengthen oversight of this sector.
“This is not only a matter of losses to the state budget but also of the questionable quality of such fuel,” the group emphasized.
The use of components not subject to excise tax as motor fuel potentially allows producers to lower the cost of gasoline blends and gain an advantage over legal market participants who pay fuel taxes in full.
At the same time, there was no overall gasoline shortage on the Ukrainian market in August. Since the beginning of 2026, official import volumes have remained higher than last year’s: 1.12 million metric tons of gasoline were imported over eight months, which is 16% more than a year earlier.
The largest importers remain OKKO, WOG, UPG, and Ukrnafta, while the main supplier countries are Lithuania and Poland.
EXCISE TAX, FUEL, GASOLINE, TAX, UKRAINE
The Greek government plans to increase the tax on the transfer of residential real estate for buyers from countries outside the European Union fivefold—from 3% to 15%. The new measure is set to take effect in 2027 and may directly affect, in particular, buyers from Ukraine if they do not fall into the categories eligible for exemptions under the law.
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced this decision during a speech at the 90th International Fair in Thessaloniki. On September 7, the government published a detailed description of the tax changes. The authorities explain the increase by the need to limit additional demand for housing from buyers in third countries, which, according to their assessment, contributes to rising prices and reduces the affordability of real estate for permanent residents of Greece.
Currently, the base tax on real estate transfers in Greece is 3% of the property’s taxable value, and when the municipal surcharge is included, the effective rate reaches 3.09%. For homebuyers subject to the new rules, the rate will be 15%, or about 15.45% including the municipal surcharge. Thus, when purchasing an apartment worth 300,000 euros, the tax burden could increase from approximately 9,300 euros to 46,350 euros, and for a property worth 500,000 euros—from 15,450 euros to 77,250 euros.
The increased rate applies specifically to residential real estate. According to the government’s clarification dated September 7, it should not apply to commercial properties, land parcels, or other categories of real estate.
However, not all citizens of non-EU countries will be subject to the increased rate. Exceptions are provided, in particular, for individuals with long-term resident status in Greece, certain citizens of Greek origin, recognized refugees, and holders of specific categories of residence permits. Citizens of the EU and the European Economic Area will also be exempt from the increased rate.
For Ukrainians, the implications of this new measure will depend primarily on their legal and tax status in Greece. Ukraine is not a member of the EU or the EEA, so a Ukrainian citizen purchasing a home as a regular buyer from a third country is potentially subject to the 15% rate. The government’s published clarification does not specifically state whether there will be a special exemption for Ukrainians residing in the country under the temporary protection regime.
Mitsotakis described the tax increase as part of a broader policy to curb housing costs. At the same time, the government intends to extend a number of measures to support the domestic market, including exempting new buildings from VAT, providing tax incentives for long-term leases of vacant properties, and imposing restrictions on new short-term rental properties in certain areas of Athens and Thessaloniki. The government also announced a new €2 billion subsidized housing loan program called “Spiti Mou III.”
As of July 1, 2026, 218,700 Ukrainian companies had tax debt totaling 263.32 billion UAH, according to data from the State Tax Service analyzed by Opendatabot.
On average, each debtor company owes about 1.2 million UAH in tax debt.
Since the beginning of 2026, the number of companies with tax debts has increased by approximately 3%, while the total amount of debt has risen by 4%.
At the same time, tax debt grew much more sharply in 2025. Over the past year, the number of companies in debt increased by only 4%, but the total amount of debt rose by approximately 1.6 times—nearly 100 billion UAH.
Overall, since the start of the full-scale war, the aggregate tax debt of Ukrainian companies has increased by 2.5 times. Based on current figures, it stood at approximately 105 billion UAH at the start of the full-scale invasion, meaning it has increased by roughly 158 billion UAH during this period.
Information on individual companies with the largest tax debts is currently unavailable. Since the start of the full-scale war, the State Tax Service has restricted access to some open data and has been publishing mainly aggregated statistics.
