Investment company S1 REIT supports the adoption and implementation of a draft law on the taxation of income received through digital platforms as a tool for combating the shadow economy in the real estate rental market, the company’s press service told Interfax-Ukraine.
S1 REIT CFO Vadym Pavlushyna noted that real estate investment trusts (REITs) operate with full tax transparency.
“We pay all taxes required by law on behalf of our investors. Specifically, dividend income is taxed at a rate of 9% (personal income tax) and 5% (military levy). For us, this is the standard, which we conscientiously and strictly adhere to. However, let’s be frank: most of the rental market remains in the ‘shadows.’ This creates an uneven playing field. It is quite difficult to convince people to ‘play by the rules’ when loopholes for tax evasion exist. Not least, these gaps are caused by weak regulation and a lack of oversight. “If the new bill creates conditions under which it becomes harder to avoid paying taxes, this will be a positive signal for the entire market,” he commented.
He emphasized that not only the state stands to gain from regulating the industry, but also investors and property owners who verify their income.
“They will be able to freely manage their funds and not fear audits, as they will have official confirmation of their income sources. This has become standard practice in EU countries, and Ukraine will finally not be an exception,” Pavlushyin noted.
As reported, on April 8, the Verkhovna Rada adopted in the first reading, as a basis subject to further refinement, draft law No. 15111-d on the automatic exchange of information regarding income on digital platforms, which is a structural milestone of the new financing program with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that Ukraine was required to implement in March.
The initial version of the bill (No. 15111), submitted by the Cabinet of Ministers, covered income from the rental of real estate and vehicles; personal services and the sale of goods received by an individual through digital platforms in amounts up to 834 times the minimum wage (approximately UAH 7.2 million as of 2026), as well as the introduction of a tax threshold of EUR 2,000 per year. The obligations of a tax agent will fall on digital platform operators.
Draft Law No. 15111-d is a revised version of the initial government document prepared by the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Tax, and Customs Policy. Unlike the first draft, the final text omits a number of provisions that businesses and industry experts considered excessive.
A key change in Document No. 15111-d is the introduction of a preferential tax regime for self-employed individuals. It provides that instead of the general rate of 19.5% (18% personal income tax and 1.5% military levy) for income received through digital platforms, a rate of 5% will apply. For the duration of this special regime, such income is also exempt from the military levy. This model applies to individuals whose annual income does not exceed the limit set for the second group of single tax payers.
The revised draft document also clarified the registration procedure: users of online services will not need to register as sole proprietors—self-employed status will be granted automatically after registering on the platform and consenting to the transfer of information to the tax service.
S1 REIT is an investment company specializing in investments in professionally managed income-generating real estate. The company operates under the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) model, providing investors with the opportunity to participate in the ownership and receipt of income from profitable properties without directly managing the assets.
Currently, S1 REIT’s portfolio includes two funds—S1 VDNG and S1 Obolon. The funds’ assets consist of apartments in income-generating buildings developed by Standard One.
The draft law proposed by the Ministry of Finance “On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine Regarding the Registration of Single Tax Payers as Value Added Tax Payers,” which changes the system for sole proprietors by introducing VAT for them, eliminates the very philosophy of the simplified taxation system, according to Taras Onishchenko, partner at the law firm Barristers Commercial.
“The proposed changes effectively eliminate the very philosophy of the simplified taxation system, which was created to support and develop the middle class. The introduction of VAT for microbusinesses with a turnover of UAH 1 million looks like an attempt to solve budget problems at the expense of the least protected market participants. Although the Ministry of Finance refers to the requirements of the IMF and the need for European integration, the implementation of these changes without a significant increase in the registration threshold could lead to the disappearance of legal small businesses as a class,” he told the Interfax-Ukraine news agency.
Onishchenko noted that the only criterion for mandatory VAT registration is “an income threshold of UAH 1 million over the last 12 calendar months.”
“In practice, this means that any entrepreneur — whether a coffee shop owner, hairdresser, IT specialist, or salesperson in a local store — will be required to obtain VAT payer status if they exceed this limit. The only exception is for a narrow category of e-residents. Thus, the state plans to cover almost the entire spectrum of small businesses with VAT, from market trading to the provision of household services, which was previously the prerogative of the general taxation system,” he said.
The expert noted that “the government’s intentions are serious and clearly planned in terms of timing; in particular, in response to an appeal from the National Association of Lobbyists of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance disclosed details of agreements with international partners.”
According to the Ministry of Finance, the introduction of VAT for “simplified taxpayers” is part of the implementation of the conditions of the new 48-month cooperation program with the International Monetary Fund (Extended Fund Facility – EFF), an agreement on which was reached at the expert level on November 26, 2025. This program provides access to $8.1 billion in financing.
The reform schedule provides that amendments to the Tax Code will be submitted to the Verkhovna Rada in January 2026, and from January 1, 2027, the requirement for mandatory VAT registration for all “simplified taxpayers” with a turnover of more than UAH 1 million will become mandatory.
At the same time, the lawyer notes that the Ministry of Finance expects the reform to have a fiscal effect of more than UAH 40 billion in additional budget revenues in the first year of its implementation.
At the same time, Onishchenko believes that this initiative carries much deeper risks that could offset the potential fiscal benefits.
“The most critical point is the threshold of UAH 1 million itself. In the current inflationary environment, this amount is equivalent to a turnover (not profit!) of UAH 83,000 per month. This is an indicator of a microbusiness, which is often run by one person or a family. Forcing such businesses to administer VAT is placing an excessive administrative burden on them,“ he explains.
The expert also predicts an increase in the shadow economy and a mass exodus of businesses into the ”shadow.”
“Entrepreneurs whose turnover fluctuates between UAH 1.5-2 million will be faced with a choice: either raise prices by 20% and hire an accountant, losing competitiveness, or split the business among relatives, or switch to cash payments ‘off the books’ so as not to artificially exceed the limit of UAH 1 million.
Meanwhile, large and medium-sized taxpayers who use simplified tax systems in their work will be able to simply increase their number and continue to use them,” he said.
Onishchenko also predicts that the introduction of tax changes will lead to higher inflation and more expensive goods and services for end consumers. He estimates that the cost of a haircut, shoe repair, or coffee will automatically increase by at least 20%, which will trigger a new round of inflation in the service sector, and these changes will also lead to increased corruption risks.
“It is also worth considering the problem of blocked tax invoices. While this is currently a headache for medium and large businesses, after the reform, thousands of small entrepreneurs may become hostages of the system. For small businesses, even a week-long stoppage due to bureaucratic obstacles can be fatal,” he stressed.
Onishchenko noted that “although the Ministry of Finance refers to the requirements of the IMF and the need for European integration, the implementation of these changes without a significant increase in the registration threshold could lead to the disappearance of legal small businesses as a class.”
“That is why it is critically important for the business community to join the discussion of this bill on the Ministry of Finance website while it is still in the consultation stage,” the expert emphasized.
The OLX platform calls for a review of the provisions of Bill No. 14025 on the introduction of international automatic exchange of information on income received through digital platforms, and to take as an example the implementation of such rules in European Union countries.
“According to the proposed regulations, even those who sell only one book or jacket per year will be forced to pay tax or go through a complicated procedure to get a refund through the tax service. The new rules significantly complicate simple and secure online trading. Most individuals who sell goods on our platform are simply getting rid of things they no longer use,” the platform said in a statement.
OLX criticized the government’s proposal to require all private sellers to provide personal data to platforms, regardless of sales volume, as well as the need to pay a 5% personal income tax along with a 5% military levy, and the need to manually refund the tax through the tax service if the annual sales volume does not exceed EUR2,000. The company noted that the introduction of the rules would lead to higher prices for buyers and an increase in “shadow” sales outside digital platforms.
The company noted that it fully supports the objectives of the European DAC7 Directive and emphasized the importance of ensuring tax transparency. OLX insists on the implementation of the requirements of this directive, as has already been successfully done in EU countries.
“In these (European – IF-U) countries, private sellers are not subject to the rules if their annual sales do not exceed €2,000. However, entrepreneurs who trade through online platforms are identified, and their data is responsibly transferred to the tax authorities,” the platform explained.
OLX called on lawmakers to engage in a real dialogue with the market regarding the provisions of the bill. The platform, in turn, is ready to provide expert recommendations on the best international practices for implementing the DAC7 directive, the statement said.
As reported, according to the government bill, a personal income tax (PIT) rate of up to 5% will apply to accountable sellers, provided that they open a separate bank account for receipts from platforms and do not trade in excisable goods, as well as if they are not self-employed, do not have employees, and their annual income does not exceed 834 minimum wages (approximately UAH 6.7 million as of January 1, 2025). For anyone who does not meet these conditions, the general PIT rate remains at 18%.
The government’s submission of a bill to introduce the automatic exchange of information on income received through digital platforms such as OLX, Prom, Rozetka, Uklon, Bolt, etc. is a condition of the cooperation program with the International Monetary Fund. The government approved the relevant document in April and submitted it to parliament, but it was criticized for lacking a minimum threshold for application.
Croatia has a multi-level taxation system that covers both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (IEs). Let us consider the main taxes applicable to these categories of taxpayers.
Main taxes for legal entities in Croatia:
There are separate taxes for individual entrepreneurs.
Other taxes and fees
The Croatian tax system is characterized by progressive and diverse taxes, which requires careful planning and accounting when doing business.It is recommended to consult with professional tax advisors to ensure compliance with current legal requirements and optimize the tax burden.
Source: http://relocation.com.ua/osoblyvosti-systemy-opodatkuvannia-v-khorvatii/
The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine has supported the proposal of the Association “Insurance Business” (ASB) and the League of Insurance Organizations of Ukraine (LIOU) on the inadmissibility of VAT taxation of commission remuneration of insurance agents, according to the press release of the ASB.
It is specified that the norm on VAT taxation was contained in the draft law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine to improve the taxation of insurance activities in Ukraine”.
As reported, both associations jointly appealed to the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Economy, the State Regulatory Service, the National Bank with a request not to worsen the tax conditions of insurance business and not to violate the requirements of the EU Directive.
“Ukraine is moving to the EU, so we must check all tax innovations both with common economic sense and with the principles and norms in force in the European Union,” says Vyacheslav Chernyakhovsky, general director of the Insurance Business Association.
At the same time, the press release specifies that the imposition of VAT on commissions of insurance agents directly contradicts the EU Council Directive No. 2006/112/EC of November 28, 2006 “On the Common System of Value Added Tax”. Article 135 “Exemption from taxation of other activities”, which expressly stipulate that “Member States shall exempt from taxation … insurance and reinsurance operations, including related services provided by insurance brokers and insurance agents.
The report also notes that to substantiate their position, insurance associations have analyzed the performance of insurers of Ukraine for the first nine months of 2023 and conducted a representative survey of market participants. According to the results of which it became clear that the state would not receive economic effect from this innovation, and on the contrary, there would be unpredictable additional costs for administration, control and monitoring of VAT operations in insurance activities.
“According to our estimates, our proposals, supported by the Ministry of Finance, saved each insurance company at least 40-50 thousand UAH monthly,” – said Chernyakhovsky.
insurance agents, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, TAXATION, VAT, АСБ, ЛСОУ
The Verkhovna Rada has supported drone production in Ukraine by exempting components of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from value added tax and import duty for the time being.
Bills No. 9275 and 9276 were voted for by 284 and 289 people’s deputies at the plenary session of the Verkhovna Rada on Monday in the first reading and as a whole, respectively, parliamentarian Yaroslav Zheleznyak (Golos faction) said in a Telegram.
The bills amend the Tax and Customs Codes and help optimize UAV production and supply processes.
In particular, for the duration of martial law, components (materials, units, equipment units, components) of UAVs that enterprises import for their own activities for the production and repair of unmanned aerial vehicles are exempt from VAT and import duty.
