According to Fixygen, U.S. banks have opened a new front in their battle with the crypto industry—the Independent Community Bankers of America (ICBA) has filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), challenging the decision to grant crypto companies simplified national banking licenses.
The lawsuit was filed on October 2 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, the ICBA reported. The association represents American community banks—that is, small and medium-sized banks—a significant portion of whose business involves lending to individuals and companies in local markets.
The subject of the dispute is the so-called national trust bank charters. These charters allow companies to operate at the federal level with digital assets, provide custody services, and participate in payment transactions, but do not authorize traditional banking activities such as accepting deposits and issuing loans.
The ICBA believes that the OCC has effectively created a simplified path for crypto companies to enter the regulated banking system.
“Congress did not create the national trust license as a back door into the banking system for crypto companies,” said ICBA President and CEO Rebecca Romero Reyni.
Banks point to a fundamental difference in regulation.
Traditional deposit-taking banks must meet capital and liquidity requirements, be subject to consolidated supervision, and participate in the FDIC deposit insurance system. Companies with a national trust charter that do not take deposits are exempt from a significant portion of these requirements.
At the same time, the ICBA believes that a federal license may give customers the impression that a crypto company’s assets have the same government guarantees as funds held at a traditional bank.
The association is demanding that the final rule adopted by the OCC on March 2, 2026, and the related Interpretive Letter No. 1176 be declared unlawful.
Separately, the ICBA is demanding that the conditional approval of a national trust banking license for Protego Holdings be revoked. The company specializes in the custody, trading, lending, and issuance of digital assets.
The dispute extends far beyond a single license.
If the OCC maintains its current approach, crypto companies will be able to obtain federal banking status without converting into traditional commercial banks. This could simplify institutional custody of cryptocurrencies, settlements using digital assets, and the integration of crypto infrastructure into the U.S. financial system.
At the same time, traditional banks are stepping up pressure on the stablecoin market. The ICBA opposes paying interest and rewards to stablecoin holders, fearing a flight of funds from bank accounts into digital dollars. According to the association, a reduction in the deposit base could diminish small banks’ resources for lending to businesses and the agricultural sector.
U.S. Federal Reserve has presented two draft rules that establish a new regulatory framework for the issuance of payment stablecoins by U.S. banks and other organizations under the Fed’s supervision.
The drafts were published on September 24, 2026, as part of the implementation of the previously enacted GENIUS Act. The Fed has opened them for public comment.
The first draft requires that issued payment stablecoins be fully backed by eligible reserve assets.
Such reserves may include, in particular, short-term U.S. Treasury bonds and other high-quality liquid assets.
The Fed also proposes establishing standardized capital requirements for issuers, which must cover the credit and operational risks associated with the issuance of digital money.
Separate requirements are proposed for companies that provide custody services for stablecoin reserve assets. The regulator also intends to clarify which stablecoin transactions banks under its supervision are permitted to conduct.
The second draft regulates the procedure for banks to obtain authorization to issue payment stablecoins.
A bank intending to launch its own stablecoin will be required to submit a business plan, financial information, and other documents to the regulator. The draft also outlines the procedure for reviewing applications, handling appeals, and making final decisions.
Federal Reserve Board member Michael Barr stated that the regulatory framework must ensure that a stablecoin can be reliably redeemed at face value even under conditions of financial market stress or if the issuer itself faces difficulties.
According to him, restrictions on the structure of reserves and uniform capital requirements are important elements of the new system; however, the final rules will require further refinement following public comment.
The comment period for the drafts will end 60 days after their publication in the Federal Register.
The rules are being developed amid the rapid growth of stablecoins’ role in international payments. According to a recent Chainalysis study, the volume of cross-border transfers in stablecoins in the 12 months ending in June 2026 increased by 77.5%—from $124.2 billion to $220.3 billion.
At the same time, the average transaction size was approximately $3,000, which, according to Chainalysis, indicates that stablecoins are being actively used for money transfers, payments to suppliers, and the movement of personal savings—not just for institutional trading.
The introduction of full-fledged federal regulation could be one of the key steps in integrating stablecoins into the traditional U.S. financial infrastructure.
According to Fixygen, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has proposed a new framework called “Regulation Crypto Assets,” specifically designed to facilitate capital raising by cryptocurrency projects.
The proposal provides for two frameworks.
Small projects will be able to raise up to $5 million over four years, while larger ones can raise up to $75 million every 12 months without going through the full standard securities offering registration process.
At the same time, issuers must disclose information to investors and will continue to be subject to laws regarding fraud and market manipulation.
The SEC is also proposing a safe harbor mechanism that, provided certain requirements are met, allows the crypto asset itself to be separated from the initial investment contract.
Comments on the draft are being accepted through October 20, 2026.
If the rules are adopted, the U.S. will, for the first time, have a separate, full-fledged capital-raising procedure specifically for crypto startups.
According to the analytics department of the Fixygen.ua project, the passage of a U.S. law on the structure of the digital asset market, the finalization of stablecoin regulations, and the further expansion of banks’ access to cryptocurrency transactions could be the key government decisions capable of positively impacting the cryptocurrency market in the second half of 2026.
Analysts at JPMorgan, Citigroup, and Bitwise cite the passage of the U.S. Digital Asset Market CLARITY Act as the most significant potential development. The bill aims to delineate the authority of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), as well as establish federal regulations for cryptocurrency exchanges and token issuers.
JPMorgan analysts, led by Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou, previously noted that the passage of legislation regarding the structure of the crypto market could serve as a positive catalyst for digital assets in the second half of 2026. The law has the potential to reduce legal risks and facilitate participation in the sector by banks, asset management firms, and other institutional investors.
Citi strategist Alex Saunders also believes that regulatory changes will stimulate the further adoption of cryptocurrencies and an influx of capital. However, the bank warned that the window for passing the law in 2026 is narrowing. The delay in considering the CLARITY Act has already become one of the reasons for Citi’s downward revision of its forecasts for Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Bitwise Chief Investment Officer Matt Hogan expects a sharp improvement in market sentiment if a version of the CLARITY Act acceptable to the cryptocurrency industry is passed. In his view, the lack of a final decision maintains uncertainty and is causing institutional investors to postpone investments.
As of the end of July, the bill had made progress in the Senate, but it requires the support of some Democrats for final passage. Controversial issues include rewards for stablecoin holders, anti-money laundering requirements, regulation of decentralized platforms, and restrictions on high-ranking politicians’ involvement in cryptocurrency projects.
A second potential catalyst could be the publication of the final implementing rules for the GENIUS Act, which was signed into law in the U.S. in July 2025.
The law established a federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, but a number of provisions require additional regulations from the Department of the Treasury, banking regulators, and financial monitoring agencies.
On April 1, 2026, the U.S. Treasury Department presented the first draft of regulations defining the conditions under which state-level regulation of issuers can be considered comparable to the federal system. A week later, FinCEN and OFAC proposed requirements regarding anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance.
The publication of the final rules could allow banks and payment companies to launch their own stablecoins more quickly, as well as increase demand for blockchain infrastructure, tokenized assets, and digital asset custody services.
Bitwise notes that the volume of tokenized real-world assets has grown by 50.3% since the beginning of 2026, reaching $32.89 billion. In terms of transaction volume, stablecoin transactions are already 2.3 times higher than those of the Visa payment system.
Ethereum, Solana, and other networks actively used for issuing digital dollars, tokenizing assets, and international settlements stand to benefit most from the completion of stablecoin regulation.
A third potential positive development will be further clarification of the legal status of certain cryptoassets and staking transactions.
On March 17, 2026, the SEC and CFTC issued a joint interpretation stating that most cryptoassets are not securities in and of themselves. The document also clarifies the application of the law to mining, staking, airdrops, and inverse tokens.
The next positive step for the market could be formal rules that allow cryptocurrency companies to determine in advance whether a specific token falls under the jurisdiction of the SEC or the CFTC.
Another catalyst could be the further approval of exchange-traded funds that utilize staking. Such products allow investors not only to gain price exposure to cryptocurrencies but also to participate in the revenue generated from transaction validation.
By 2026, exchange-traded products featuring staking of Solana, Avalanche, Ethereum, and other tokens had already appeared in the U.S. The expansion of such authorizations could increase institutional demand, primarily for cryptocurrencies that operate on a Proof-of-Stake mechanism.
A fourth potentially positive development could be the CFTC’s authorization for regulated U.S. platforms to organize spot trading in digital assets.
The CFTC’s Crypto Sprint program is scheduled to run through August 2026 and aims to develop regulated spot trading of crypto assets, enable the use of stablecoins and tokenized assets as collateral, and adapt infrastructure to support 24/7 trading and blockchain-based settlements.
The emergence of regulated spot trading platforms could attract brokers, banks, and professional managers to the market, who are currently constrained by internal rules or counterparty requirements.
This could also reduce U.S. investors’ dependence on foreign trading platforms and increase the liquidity of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other assets that the CFTC officially classifies as digital commodities.
Analysts consider the further lifting of regulatory restrictions on banks to be a fifth potential catalyst.
The U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency has already confirmed that national banks may provide crypto-asset custody services, buy and sell them on behalf of clients, and engage third-party sub-custodians.
The next step could be broader harmonization of regulations by the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and state banking regulators.
The issuance of new banking licenses to companies working with digital assets, the launch of cryptocurrency custody services by major banks, and the provision of access to trading through traditional banking apps would send a positive signal to the market.
Such decisions could reduce operational risks for institutional investors and create additional channels for capital inflows into cryptocurrency funds.
Further support for the market could come from the convergence of digital asset regulations between the U.S., the U.K., and the European Union.
On July 14, 2026, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the UK Treasury presented recommendations on the development of cross-border transactions involving digital assets. The parties separately supported the expansion of international circulation of private stablecoins and the reduction of regulatory barriers between the two financial markets.
A positive development could be the mutual recognition of licenses or reserve requirements for stablecoins, which would facilitate the use of digital dollars and pounds in international settlements.
In the European Union, the MiCA regulation has already established a unified licensing system for cryptocurrency companies. Granting licenses to large international banks and exchanges could boost confidence among institutional clients and accelerate the development of a legal market for digital assets.
However, the most important regulatory factor for the market in the coming months remains the fate of the CLARITY Act. Its passage could reduce the likelihood of legal disputes with regulators and open the U.S. market to a greater number of institutional products.
However, a positive outcome is not guaranteed. Excessively strict requirements for DeFi, stablecoins, or software developers could limit the growth of certain market segments.
Furthermore, even favorable legislation cannot eliminate the impact of interest rates, geopolitics, liquidity, and investor activity. Bitwise notes that in the second quarter of 2026, the index of the largest crypto assets fell by 15.4%, and U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded a record quarterly outflow of funds.
At the time of writing, Bitcoin was trading at around $63,400, and Ethereum at around $1,625. Thus, the most positive scenario for the crypto market would be the simultaneous passage of the CLARITY Act, the finalization of regulations for stablecoins, and the expansion of banks’ access to digital assets. These decisions have the potential to reduce regulatory uncertainty, but their impact will depend on the final wording of the regulations and the state of global financial markets.
According to Fixygen, the global cryptocurrency market is nearing the end of the week without a clear direction: Bitcoin held steady at around $64,500, while Ethereum fell significantly, and inflows into U.S. cryptocurrency ETFs remained volatile.
As of Friday, Bitcoin was trading at approximately $64,400. On Monday, July 20, the leading cryptocurrency opened the week at around $64,680. Thus, the weekly decline was less than 0.5%, indicating consolidation following the market’s massive drop in previous months.
Ethereum showed significantly weaker performance over the same period. At the start of the week, its price was around $1,870, while by Friday it had fallen to approximately $1,620. The weekly decline reached 13%.
The total market capitalization of the cryptocurrency market was estimated at approximately $2.2 trillion. Bitcoin accounted for about 59% of the total market value, reflecting sustained investor demand for the largest and most liquid digital asset amid uncertainty.
U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs saw about $274 million in net inflows over four trading days from July 20 to 23. On Monday, inflows totaled $226.8 million; on Tuesday, $203.2 million; and on Wednesday, $69.1 million.
However, on Thursday, investors withdrew $225.1 million from Bitcoin ETFs. The bulk of the outflow—$202.5 million—came from BlackRock’s IBIT fund. This virtually wiped out a significant portion of the positive results from the beginning of the week. Data for Friday had not yet been published at the time of writing.
Spot Ethereum ETFs attracted approximately $174.5 million from Monday through Thursday. Net inflows were recorded daily, including $72.7 million on Wednesday and $26.3 million on Thursday. However, these inflows were unable to prevent a decline in the price of Ethereum, indicating that pressure on this asset persists across the broader market.
Earlier, U.S. Bitcoin ETFs broke an eight-week streak of outflows, during which investors withdrew more than $8 billion from the funds. The return to inflows was a positive sign, but the volume remains insufficient to indicate a sustained recovery in institutional demand.
A report published this week by CoinGecko showed that the cryptocurrency market capitalization in the second quarter of 2026 fell by 12.6%—from $2.4 trillion to $2.1 trillion.
The market capitalization of stablecoins decreased by 1.6% to $305.1 billion. This marked the first quarterly decline in this metric since the third quarter of 2023 and may indicate a partial withdrawal of liquidity from the cryptocurrency system.
Spot trading volume on the ten largest centralized crypto exchanges fell by 27.9% in the second quarter—to $1.95 trillion. In May, the figure dropped to $619 billion—the lowest monthly level since the start of the year—before rebounding to $695 billion in June.
Trading volume in perpetual futures on the largest centralized exchanges decreased by 10%—from $14.1 trillion to $12.7 trillion. The more moderate contraction of the derivatives market compared to the spot segment indicates that traders remain primarily interested in short-term and speculative trades.
One of the week’s major regulatory developments was the publication on July 22 of an updated version of the U.S. CLARITY Act. The bill aims to establish comprehensive rules for the digital asset market and allocate authority between the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
In May, the Senate Banking Committee approved the bill by a vote of 15 to 9. However, the updated version sparked new disagreements, particularly regarding investor protection, combating illicit financing, and limiting conflicts of interest among government officials.
Thus, the week did not provide the market with a clear signal. Bitcoin showed relative stability, but Ethereum’s decline, the sharp reversal of flows into Bitcoin ETFs on Thursday, and weak quarterly figures for exchange activity indicate that market participants remain cautious.
The final results of the week will depend on Friday’s flows into U.S. ETFs, the situation in global risk markets, and further progress on cryptocurrency legislation in the U.S.
According to Fixygen, the cryptocurrency market is ending the week of July 13–17 at a level close to where it started: Bitcoin is trading at around $63,000, while the total market capitalization of digital assets stands at approximately $2.2 trillion.
As of Friday, Bitcoin was trading at around $63,020, down approximately 1.7% over the past 24 hours. The leading cryptocurrency’s share of the total market capitalization is estimated at 56–58%. Ethereum, Solana, and most other major digital assets were also under pressure. SOL was trading at around $78, and XRP at around $1.06.
On Monday, Bitcoin fell below $62,000 amid a new escalation of the conflict between the U.S. and Iran, rising oil prices, and an exodus of investors from risky assets. After the release of U.S. inflation data, which came in weaker than expected, the cryptocurrency rebounded and rose above $65,500 on July 15, but was unable to sustain the gains.
By the end of the week, pressure on the crypto market intensified due to a sell-off in tech and semiconductor stocks, rising oil prices, and new geopolitical risks in the Middle East. On Friday, Bitcoin lost about 2% over the course of the day and returned to the $63,000 level.
Capital flows in U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs remained volatile. On Monday, the funds recorded a net outflow of $424.7 million, followed by inflows of $181.1 million on Tuesday, $107.7 million on Wednesday, and $79.1 million on Thursday. As a result, the cumulative outflow over the four trading days totaled approximately $56.8 million. Data for Friday had not yet been published at the time of writing.
An additional source of uncertainty was the debate in the U.S. over the Clarity Act, a bill intended to establish regulations for the cryptocurrency market and delineate the powers of financial regulators. Progress on the bill has slowed due to disagreements in the Senate and concerns about a potential conflict of interest related to President Donald Trump’s cryptocurrency holdings.
In the corporate sector, the week’s main event was Citadel Securities’ investment in the cryptocurrency exchange Crypto.com. The market maker invested $400 million, valuing the platform at $20 billion. This is Crypto.com’s first round of institutional funding. The funds raised are planned to be directed toward the development of operations involving tokenized securities and derivatives.
At the same time, pressure remains on public companies that have built up large Bitcoin reserves. Strategy has already sold approximately $218 million worth of digital assets in 2026 to fund dividends and maintain its dollar reserves. The decline in cryptocurrency prices has led to the shares of a number of similar companies trading below the value of the digital assets they hold.
Thus, softer U.S. inflation data and the resumption of capital inflows into ETFs have failed to ensure a sustained market recovery. Next week’s market dynamics will depend on developments in the Middle East, oil prices, capital flows into cryptocurrency funds, and further progress on U.S. legislation regarding digital assets.
