The rental market in Budapest (Hungary) in 2025 is experiencing price increases and increased competition, especially in the central areas of the capital, according to analysts and realtors.
According to Global Property Guide, the average asking rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Budapest in 2025 is around HUF 264,000 (≈ USD 713) per month.
Rental rates are rising: in January 2025, asking prices in Budapest rose by 1.8% compared to the previous month, with annual growth of around 9.5%.
For two-bedroom apartments, rental prices in central areas in 2024 ranged from €1,000 to €1,500 per month.
However, in central Budapest (districts 5, 6, 7, 1), the rent for a one-bedroom apartment can be €800–1,500, and in residential areas or outer districts, €600–850.
The share of households living in rented accommodation in Budapest has increased from 12.7% to 17.5% in recent years. The growth is particularly noticeable among young people: a significant proportion of the 20-35 age group rent their accommodation.
The gross rental yield (before expenses) in Hungary is around 5.06% (2025, Q3).
Demand for rentals is growing faster than new housing is being built, especially apartment buildings in central areas, creating a shortage and pushing rents up. In addition, the debate over the regulation of short-term rentals (Airbnb and similar) is intensifying: one district of Budapest has voted to ban short-term rentals starting in 2026, which could affect the overall rental market.
Source: http://relocation.com.ua/budapest-rental-housing-market-analysis-by-relocation/
The Portugal Golden Visa (ARI) program, launched in 2012, was initially based on real estate investments, but after reforms, it is now more focused on funds, donations, and capital investments.
Key parameters and changes.
1) In 2023, real estate was excluded as the main route for the program, forcing investors to switch to funds, business projects, or donations.
2) The minimum investment in a fund is €500,000.
3) In 2024, a record 4,987 golden visas (main applications + dependents) were issued, which is 72% more than a year earlier.
4) Since the program began, more than 15,619 visas have been issued to investors and about 22,000 visas to family members (as of September 2024).
China remains the largest country of origin for investors, but interest from the US, Brazil, Turkey, and other countries has increased. Changes to the program have prompted investors to diversify their investments, favoring funds and non-interest-bearing methods.
Source: http://relocation.com.ua/portugal-golden-visa-program-program-features-from-relocation/
Agrotrade, an agricultural holding company whose land bank is concentrated in the Kharkiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, and Poltava regions, has noted lower efficiency in frontline areas and would like to strengthen its business model through relocation.
“We want to grow. We want to strengthen our business model by relocating our land bank and forming land clusters in safer regions,” said Agrotrade CEO Serhiy Nechyporuk at the Agro Finance 2025 Conference, recently held by Oschadbank.
“We tell the banks: give us funds, we will relocate our land bank, create a successful cluster, for example, in Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, and we will be more resilient. And bankers tell us: well, let’s finance it with your own funds, and then we’ll think about how we can refinance you,” he described the discussion with banks.
According to Nechyporuk, bankers are ignoring the sound business logic of the agricultural holding, which has strong agronomic and agrotechnological expertise that it can scale up, but at the same time they are refusing to increase financing limits due to the need for greater loan reserves for a company operating in frontline regions.
Currently, according to him, some of the company’s land is located 10 km from the line of combat.
“It is difficult to be effective when there are constantly REBs working in the fields: we have now adopted a precision farming strategy (using drones) and, unfortunately, we cannot implement it on two clusters (out of the company’s five clusters),” Nechyporuk gave an example.
He added that the company also has “agronomic combat” bonuses for agronomists who go out to certain fields that are considered risky.
According to the CEO of Agrotrade, if we do not focus on supporting the frontline regions now, a “wild economic frontline field” will soon appear there.
Nechyporuk also noted a decline in the trend toward processing products due to a shortage of raw materials, which arose against the backdrop of a reduction in Ukraine’s agricultural land bank from 25 million hectares to 20 million hectares due to Russia’s full-scale aggression.
“There used to be a very strong trend towards processing agricultural products, but unfortunately, it has now declined. We probably invested a lot in it, but now there is not as much raw material because we are losing our land,” he said.
The Agrotrade Group of Companies is a vertically integrated holding company covering the entire agro-industrial cycle (production, processing, storage, and trade in agricultural products). It cultivates over 70,000 hectares of land. Its main crops are sunflower, corn, winter wheat, soybeans, and rapeseed. It has its own network of elevators with a one-time storage capacity of 570,000 tons.
The group also produces hybrid seeds of corn, sunflower, barley, and winter wheat. In 2014, a seed plant with a capacity of 20,000 tons of seeds per year was built on the basis of the Kolos seed farm (Kharkiv region).
The founder of Agrotrade is Vsevolod Kozhemyako.
The Relocation project has analyzed and created a brief overview of the state of the office real estate market in Rome in the first half of 2025. Rome, while remaining the administrative and cultural center of Italy, is gradually strengthening its position as a business hub. However, the office real estate market here is traditionally different from Milan, the country’s main financial center: investor and tenant activity is lower, and the supply of modern offices is limited.
In the first half of 2025, the average rental rate for Class A offices in central Rome (EUR, Prati, and the historic center) was €31–34 per square meter per month, approximately 2% higher than last year.
Outside the center, in the Tiburtina, San Giovanni, and GRA areas, rates remain at €18–24 per square meter.
According to Cushman & Wakefield consultants, demand is primarily driven by government agencies, diplomatic missions, and companies in the energy and services sectors, while demand from international IT companies in Rome is significantly lower than in Milan.
The average purchase price of office real estate in Rome in 2025 ranges from €3,600 to €4,200 per square meter in central areas, while in the suburbs (EUR periphery, Aurelio, Appia Nuova), prices range from €2,000 to €2,600 per sq. m.
Investors are cautious: according to BNP Paribas Real Estate, investment in Rome’s office segment in the first six months of 2025 amounted to around €730 million, 8% less than a year earlier. The reason is a lack of new projects and high competition for quality properties.
Analysts at JLL Italy note that there is still strong interest in properties with improved energy efficiency in Rome: in 2025, almost 40% of transactions involved buildings with environmental certification. However, the supply of such offices is extremely limited.
CBRE Italy emphasizes that a significant portion of Rome’s offices are in need of modernization, which is holding back price growth. Interest in renovating old administrative buildings into modern offices remains, but the process is slower than in Milan.
In the second half of 2025, a moderate increase in rental rates is expected in the premium segment (up to +2-3%), especially in the EUR district, where large business centers and government agencies are concentrated. According to Knight Frank’s forecasts, sales prices will remain relatively stable, with possible growth in central areas due to a shortage of high-quality properties.
The medium-term outlook for Rome is linked to the development of redevelopment projects and growing interest in flexible office spaces. However, according to experts, the Italian capital will lag behind Milan in terms of growth in the coming years, with Milan remaining the main driver of the country’s office market.
The Relocation project has analyzed and produced a brief overview of the Madrid office real estate market in the first half of 2025. In the first half of 2025, Madrid confirmed its status as one of Southern Europe’s key business centers, remaining an attractive market for investors and tenants. Despite high inflation in the eurozone and ongoing geopolitical risks, the city’s office real estate market is showing moderate growth and maintaining a high level of activity in the premium segment.
The average rental rate for Class A offices in Madrid’s central business district (CBD) in June 2025 was €36-39 per sq. m per month, 3-4% higher than in the same period last year. In areas outside the CBD, including the Atocha and Chamartín districts, rates remain between €22 and €28 per sq. m.
The growth in rentals is mainly due to a shortage of high-quality modern space and increased demand from international companies in the IT, consulting, and finance sectors.
The average purchase price of office real estate in Madrid in the first half of 2025 was €4,200–4,800 per sq. m in central areas. In suburban areas (Alcobendas, Las Rosas, San Sebastián de los Reyes), prices range from €2,200 to €2,800 per sq m.
Deals with investment funds and REITs remain a key driver: in the first half of the year, several large office building renovation projects entered the market, and investment in the sector is estimated at €1.6–1.8 billion, 12% more than in the same period in 2024.
According to CBRE Spain analysts, companies are increasingly abandoning old spaces in favor of offices with energy efficiency certification (BREEAM, LEED). The share of such spaces in the transaction structure reached 45%, indicating growing interest in sustainable development.
Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) notes that demand for coworking spaces and flexible office solutions in Madrid has grown by 15% compared to last year. This format is particularly popular among startups and branches of international corporations expanding their presence in Spain.
Office rental rates in Madrid are expected to continue their moderate growth of 2–3% in the second half of 2025, especially in the premium segment. According to Knight Frank experts, purchase prices will fluctuate within current levels, but investor interest will remain strong thanks to stable demand and limited supply of new space.
In the medium term, the Madrid market will remain a benchmark for investors in Southern Europe: its combination of high quality of life, developed infrastructure, and growing number of international companies makes it one of the most resilient office markets in the region.
Source: http://relocation.com.ua/madrid-office-real-estate-market-results-for-the-first-half-of-2025/
The relocation of Ukrainian businesses abroad, which in 2022 took the form of emergency evacuation, is becoming strategic planning to diversify risks, enter EU markets, and ensure business continuity, according to Kateryna Danilova, partner at Barristers Law Firm.
“While in 2022 relocation was often an emergency evacuation, it is now taking on the characteristics of strategic planning with the aim of diversifying risks, entering EU markets, and ensuring business continuity,” she told the Interfax-Ukraine news agency.
Danilova noted that “since the start of the full-scale invasion, Ukrainian businesses have kept up their interest in relocation, although it’s changed depending on what’s happening on the front lines and the overall economic situation.”
According to the lawyer’s observations, the information technology (IT) sector is the most active in terms of relocation, due to its mobility, focus on global markets, and minimal dependence on physical assets.
“For IT companies, relocation often means opening offices in EU countries to retain their teams, which also allows them to guarantee continuity and stability of services to their clients and simplifies access to international financial infrastructure. Many companies based in Diia.City are setting up overseas hubs while keeping a significant part of their development in Ukraine,” she said.
In addition, according to Danilova, manufacturing companies in light industry, woodworking, component manufacturing, and the food industry are also very active in relocation.
“The main driver for them is the desire to protect production facilities from physical destruction, bring production closer to European consumers, expand the sales market, etc.,” she said.
Agrarian and processing enterprises are also active in relocation, seeking opportunities to create processing capacities in neighboring EU countries to gain access to the market without logistical complications at the border.
In addition, these are companies in the creative industry, consulting, and marketing, which, like IT, are mobile and actively integrating into the European market.
Commenting on the geography of relocation, Danilova noted that the choice of a relocation country depends on many factors, including geographical proximity, logistics, business conditions, the availability of support programs, the tax climate, and cultural and linguistic similarities.
Currently, the main destinations for Ukrainian businesses are Poland, which leads in the number of relocated Ukrainian companies, and Germany, where Ukrainian businesses are attracted by economic stability, access to the largest EU market, and high purchasing power, although this country is “characterized by a higher level of bureaucracy and tax burden.”
In addition, Ukrainian businesses are relocating to Romania and Bulgaria, which are gaining popularity thanks to, in particular, competitive tax rates and lower labor costs, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which are traditionally attractive due to their cultural proximity and favorable conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), which are “interesting for technology and innovation companies due to their developed digital infrastructure and favorable investment climate.”
However, Danilova stressed that “it is legally impossible to transfer an employee from a Ukrainian legal entity to a foreign one, as they are different business entities operating in different legal systems,” but in practice, companies use a number of mechanisms.
These include, in particular, dismissal in Ukraine and employment abroad, which is the most common and transparent mechanism, but requires the employee to obtain a residence and work permit in the country of relocation, or a business trip, which is risky for long-term work abroad.
In addition, companies use mechanisms for concluding civil law contracts, where an employee registers as an individual entrepreneur in Ukraine (or as an individual entrepreneur in the country of relocation) and concludes a service contract with a foreign company. This model is flexible but carries the risk of additional taxes and penalties.
Another common mechanism is intra-corporate transfer (Intra-Corporate Transferee), which is used in EU countries that have implemented the relevant EU Directive, which creates simplified conditions for the temporary transfer of key managers, specialists, and trainees within a group of companies. This requires, in particular, the existence of legally related Ukrainian and foreign companies. Another popular mechanism is outsourcing or “leasing” of employees, which involves removing employees from the payroll on condition that they are hired by a foreign company. However, Ukrainian legislation does not contain clear regulatory provisions governing such legal relations.
Commenting on the pitfalls of Ukrainian legislation in the field of relocation, Danilova noted a number of restrictions in the Ukrainian legal field, in particular, currency restrictions, rules for controlled foreign companies (CFC), transfer pricing (TP), as well as restrictions on travel abroad and the movement of assets.
In addition, banking compliance and opening a bank account for a new company in the EU founded by Ukrainian citizens, the complexity of managing a dual structure, the loss of preferential treatment upon the actual transfer of activities abroad, in particular IT companies, which may lose the advantages of the special legal and tax regime of Dnipro.City, as well as adaptation to foreign legislation.
“Relocating a business abroad is an effective tool for minimizing the risks of war, but at the same time it is a complex legal and organizational project. The success of relocation directly depends on comprehensive strategic planning that takes into account all legal, tax, financial, and operational aspects,” she said.
Barristers, BUSINESS, Danilova, ENTERPRISES, LAWYER, RELOCATION
