In 2024, Metinvest Mining and Metallurgical Group significantly increased its total exports and sales of iron ore to more than 12 million tons and significantly reduced production costs, Metinvest CEO Yuriy Ryzhenkov said in an interview with Forbes Ukraine.
“We have fully returned to the operational efficiency improvement program. For example, we have reconfigured our business process to use our own raw materials. And by most indicators, I mean technical, technological, and production ones, we have returned to the best results of 2020-2021,” the CEO stated.
According to him, the main disadvantage is the electricity outage and problems with its import. Another problem is the increase in tariffs for the services of natural monopolists, primarily the increase in electricity transportation tariffs and logistics. In addition, the aggressor’s offensive towards Pokrovsk. As a result, the group was forced to suspend the mine’s operations due to the inability to ensure electricity supply and safety factors for employees.
“We were preparing for this and diversified our supply chain for the same coal – we contracted as much as we could from other companies and shipped it for Ukraine’s needs from our plant in the US. We will definitely not stop steel production because of the temporary shutdown of the Pokrovsk mine. But it will have a serious impact on the company’s economy. Instead of supplying coal via the nearest logistics route, from Pokrovsk to Zaporizhzhia and Kamianske, we will now have to buy coal all over the world, and the logistics component will have a significant impact on our production costs. In general, up to 10% of the cost of coal,” said the CEO.
Answering a question about Donald Trump’s economic policy and expectations for the consequences for the global economy, Ryzhenkov explained that “it is not really known which initiatives of Donald Trump are serious and which are working to raise rates or invite to a dialogue.”
“We see tumultuous actions that make waves in the entire global economy, currencies, and so on. How will it all end? When a major power like the United States turns to protectionism, it is a serious problem for the global economy and, by the way, for the United States itself. It’s just that they will feel the consequences later – in three to four years,” the top manager predicts.
In turn, he noted that Metinvest’s deliveries to the US are insignificant – not even within the margin of error: “The largest share is pig iron, which is not subject to duty, and I think this will not change – it is the raw material for the American economy.”
Speaking about staffing issues, the CEO said that more than 20% of the group’s employees, or 30% of those liable for military service, are currently mobilized. Ryzhenkov believes that we need a normal, well-thought-out reservation system that will allow us to work. Reservations are not a privilege for business, as some say, but an integral part of preserving the economic basis of the state’s defense capability. If the economy does not work, Ukraine will lose the war, despite the support of the West.
As for the export strategy, it has not changed much compared to the period before the full-scale war.
“There are our key markets – Ukraine, the EU countries, where we supplied more than 50% of our products before the full-scale invasion. And then there are all the others, the so-called balance markets, which are characterized by a more opportunistic approach to supply. When it’s profitable for us, we go there, and when it’s not profitable, we don’t go there,” the CEO stated.
The Group’s key markets for iron ore are the EU countries. And the company has expanded them, entering Scandinavia and the Nordic countries. What we cannot sell in the EU due to limited consumption volumes is sold to Southeast Asia: China, South Korea, and so on, said the company’s CEO.
“The main thing we have focused on is the production of iron ore with a higher iron content, which is now in demand. We have already mastered its production at our joint venture, Pivdennyi GOK. Before the full-scale invasion, we did it at our Central GOK,” explained the CEO.
Regarding the forecast – what factors will have the greatest impact on exports in 2025 and what are the potential critical risks – Ryzhenkov divides them into several blocks. The first is to maintain the competitiveness of Ukrainian producers in foreign markets. This requires that state-owned monopolies do not create additional tariff pressure on operating businesses.
The second is maintaining access to foreign markets (it is important to preserve the liberalization of steel trade with the EU, the US, and the UK) and strengthening sanctions against the Russian metals and mining industry, which continues to sell slabs and pig iron to the EU because of the position of certain countries.
The third is a consistent environmental and industrial policy of the state on eco-modernization and decarbonization. Ukraine needs a delay in the CBA because of the war. And confirming the criticality of booking and engaging veterans in the workforce will remain a relevant factor because of the risk of losing qualified personnel.
“As for new challenges, it is access to financing for modernization and green transition projects in the mining and metals sector, as well as ensuring stable demand for Ukrainian steel in the domestic market. But these topics are post-war, and we can talk about them separately when peace comes,” the expert believes.
Speaking about the energy independence of Metinvest’s enterprises, the CEO said that the group has its own generation, about 45-50 MW, which provides the most critical processes – about 10% of the company’s energy consumption. Another 40 MW of gas-fired generation is under construction, which will be commissioned in 2025, and solar panels are also being installed.
Regarding investments, the CEO emphasized that due to security risks, the company cannot invest in Ukraine as before. There were serious investment plans in Mariupol, Kryvyi Rih, Zaporizhzhia, and Kamianske. Nevertheless, in 2024, the total investment volume reached about $670 million at the group’s sites in Ukraine. This includes both OPEX and CAPEX. As soon as the company is able to attract financing, there will be plans for large projects.
This year, we also have many plans, for example, a tailings pulp thickening project at Northern GOK and the repair of blast furnace No. 9 at Kametstal are being implemented at our own expense. The volume of investments in these projects in Ukraine alone is about $50 million.
Investment plans abroad include the largest project for the coming years – the construction of a green steel plant in Italy. The estimated cost of the joint project is EUR 2.5 billion.
Among other potential acquisitions, the company is interested in Eastern and Southern Europe – regions where it is possible to create synergies with the group’s existing business processes and Ukrainian assets. The company may take part in a tender for the sale of the Polish plant Huta Chestochowa, which once belonged to the Industrial Union of Donbass.
“In Ukraine, we have a $8 billion strategy for the green modernization of Ukrainian enterprises for 7-10 years. We are ready to launch this strategy as soon as the war is over and Ukraine receives security guarantees,” Ryzhenkov added.
“Metinvest is a vertically integrated group of steel and mining companies. The group’s enterprises are mainly located in Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Dnipro regions. The main shareholders of the holding are SCM Group (71.24%) and Smart Holding (23.76%), which jointly manage it.
Metinvest Holding LLC is the management company of Metinvest Group.
Dneprometiz-TAS LLC (Dnipro), owned by Ukrainian businessman Sergiy Tigipko, is to provide UAH 208 million to the TAS Group Association of Companies for their financial support on a repayable basis.
According to the company’s announcement in the NSSMC’s information disclosure system, the decision to grant consent to the company’s significant transaction was made by the supervisory board). Dneprometiz-TAS LLC on February 19, 2025.
It is specified that the subject of the transaction is the temporary attraction of funds for financial support of other members of the Association of TAS Group Companies on the following terms: the amount of funds temporarily attracted by the Association from Dneprometiz-TAS LLC is UAH 208 million. The funds are to be repaid within 15 calendar days from the date of receipt by the Association of the relevant request of Dneprometiz-TAS LLC for such repayment.
The funds are raised on a free (interest-free) basis and provided by wire transfer within ten days from the date of the relevant agreement.
“Dneprometiz-TAS produces hardware products from low-carbon steels. The company’s capacity is 120 thousand tons of products per year.
The company is owned by T.A.S. Overseas Investments Limited (Cyprus) owns 98.6578 percent of Dneprometiz LLC.
The authorized capital of Dneprometiz-TAS LLC is UAH 83.480 million.
Number of unemployed in Ukraine and job opportunities, 2023-2024
Source: Open4Business.com.ua
Information and analytical center Experts Club analyzed the data of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on the external debts of states and their ratio to the GDP of states. The video is available on the Experts Club YouTube channel. In 2023, the leader in terms of public debt to GDP was Sudan – its figure reached 252%. This is due to the economic crisis, the consequences of the armed conflict and hyperinflation.
In second place is Japan (206%), which traditionally holds a high debt burden due to large-scale government borrowing and debt financing of the budget.
Third place went to Lebanon (195%), whose economy continues to suffer from the effects of the financial crisis, corruption and political instability.
Further down in the ranking are:
4. Greece – 185%
5. Singapore – 177%
6. Argentina – 155%
7. Italy – 132%
8. Zambia – 127%
9. Bahrain – 123%
10. Maldives – 123%
11. Bhutan – 116%
12. Laos – 116%
13. Cape Verde – 114%
14. Barbados – 113%
15. USA – 112%
16. Cyprus – 112%
17. Portugal – 105%
18. Great Britain – 101%
19. Dominica – 100%
20. Republic of Congo – 99%
Maxim Urakin, founder of the information and analytical center Experts Club, PhD in Economics, said that a high level of public debt in relation to GDP is a serious challenge for the economy of any country.
“In some cases, such as Sudan or Lebanon, this is a consequence of structural crises, armed conflicts, and political instability. At the same time, countries such as Japan and Singapore, despite their high debt ratios, have sustainable economic models that allow them to effectively manage their financial obligations. It is crucial for Ukraine to find a balance between attracting external financing and ensuring economic sustainability to avoid a debt trap and excessive dependence on creditors,” Urakin said.
As of 2023, Ukraine’s external debt totaled $132.4 billion and its ratio to GDP was 87%. Ukraine is not among the top 20 countries with the highest debt-to-GDP ratio, but ranks high among countries with large government liabilities.
In terms of absolute debt, Ukraine is about 30th in the world, but due to the military conflict and the need for external financing, this indicator continues to grow.
If the situation does not stabilize, further growth of the debt burden is predicted, which may lead to difficulties in debt servicing and increased dependence on international creditors.
Video analysis is available at the link – https://www.youtube.com/shorts/oT_5cTOnM8k
Exit polls conducted after the parliamentary elections in Germany indicate the victory of the CDU/CSU opposition bloc, Bild reported on its Telegram channel on Sunday. The leader of the race was the CDU/CSU party led by Friedrich Merz, which, according to exit polls, received 29% of the vote. This means that Merz will become the new chancellor.
“Compared to the 2021 elections, the Christian Democrats have significantly strengthened their position,” Bild writes.
The second place, according to the polls, was taken by the Alternative for Germany (AfD), which almost doubled its previous result, gaining about 19%.
“However, despite its success, it will remain in opposition, as other parties are not ready to cooperate with it,” Bild notes.
The Social Democratic Party (SPD) under the leadership of Olaf Scholz suffered a catastrophic defeat, receiving only 16% of the vote – the worst result in 135 years. The Greens (about 13%) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), which is teetering on the brink of entering parliament, also suffered serious losses.
Bild calls the return of the Left party “unexpected”, which, despite weakening after the departure of Sarah Wagenknecht, managed to overcome the 5% threshold and gain about 8%. At the same time, the BSW movement, founded by Wagenknecht, stopped at around 5%: it is still unclear whether the party will get into the Bundestag or not.
Now the main question is who will join the ruling coalition. So far, an alliance of the CDU/CSU with the SPD seems to be a possible option, as the Conservatives and the Greens may not have enough votes.
“We can expect certainty in the coming weeks, when negotiations on the formation of a new government begin,” Bild observers note. Information and analytical center Experts Club and Active Group have previously released a video analysis of the most important elections in the world in 2025, more details in the video review – https://youtu.be/u1NMbFCCRx0?si=-rc6YHH7EA1pnr7w
UN Secretary-General António Guterres, on the third anniversary of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, emphasized the need for a just peace.
“At a time of this tragic event, I reaffirm the urgent need for a just, sustainable and comprehensive peace – one that fully upholds Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders, in accordance with the UN Charter, international law and General Assembly resolutions,” Guterres wrote on social media X on Sunday.
He emphasized that from the very first day of the war, the UN has shown full solidarity with the people of Ukraine, providing vital humanitarian assistance and supporting long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts.
“The war in Ukraine poses a serious threat not only to the peace and security of Europe, but also to the very foundations and basic principles of the UN. Enough is enough. After three years of death and destruction, I call again for urgent de-escalation and an immediate cessation of hostilities. I welcome all efforts to achieve a just and inclusive peace. The UN stands ready to support such efforts,” he summarized.
