Spanish authorities are planning to introduce a 100% tax on real estate purchases for non-EU residents. This measure is part of a plan presented by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez aimed at overcoming the housing crisis and ensuring the availability of housing for local residents, the Financial Times reports.
The head of government said that EU non-residents annually buy 27 thousand residential properties in Spain, mainly “for the purpose of speculation”.
Spain is one of the European countries where public discontent is growing due to difficulties in finding affordable housing for purchase or rent amid a sharp rise in real estate prices and a significant lag between new construction and demand.
Over the past 10 years, housing prices in Europe have jumped by 48%, which is about twice the growth in household income over the same period, Sanchez said.
Spanish real estate is in high demand among people who buy vacation homes or want to move to a country with a warmer climate.
Such purchases are already subject to a number of taxes, the amount of which depends on the region and whether the transaction is on the primary or secondary market. In total, these taxes range from 7% to 12%.
Other measures proposed by the government include the transfer of more than 3,300 houses and approximately 200 hectares of land to a new state-owned company for the construction of social housing, stricter regulation of seasonal rentals, the restoration of empty buildings, and the provision of incentives to homeowners who rent out their homes at affordable prices.
Spain has a multi-level taxation system that includes state, regional and municipal taxes. Let us consider the main taxes in force in the country at the end of 2024 – beginning of 2025.
Let’s start with taxes for individuals:
Income tax (IRPF ) – a progressive scale of rates is applied, consisting of federal and regional parts. The federal (central) part of the rates includes:
Regional authorities set additional rates, which may vary depending on the autonomous community.
Thecapital gains tax is variable, and gains from the sale of real estate and other assets are taxed at the following rates:
Real estate tax (IBI): An annual tax whose rate varies from 0.4% to 1.1% of the cadastral value of the property, depending on the municipality.
Wealth tax: Applies to individuals with net assets above a certain threshold, with progressive rates ranging from 0.2% to 3.5%, depending on the region.
Taxes for legal entities:
Corporate income tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades): The standard rate is 25%. For small businesses with a turnover of less than €1 million, there is a reduced rate of 23%. New companies can apply the 15% rate for the first two years of profitable activity.
Value added tax (IVA):
Other taxes and duties:
Inheritance and gift tax: Progressive rates from 7.65% to 34% apply, but rates and exemptions may vary significantly from community to community.
Property Transfer Tax (ITP): Charged on the purchase of second-hand real estate, the rate is usually around 6-10% of the value of the property, depending on the region.
Social contributions: Employers and employees are required to make social security contributions. The general rate for the employer is about 29.9% of the employee’s salary, and for the employee – about 6.35%.
The Spanish tax system is characterized by progressive and diverse taxes, which requires careful planning when doing business or living in the country. It is recommended to consult with professional tax advisors to ensure compliance with current legal requirements and optimize the tax burden.
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The possibility of relocation until the end of 2022 is still considered by 37% of IT companies, these are the results of a study conducted by the IT Ukraine association together with the law firm Sayenko Kharenko “Relocation. New IT landscape of Ukraine”.
According to them, 23% of companies plan to combine relocation abroad and within Ukraine, and 14% of respondents are considering partial or full relocation abroad.
It is indicated that the relocation is largely considered by IT companies as a forced step for the period of the war, or at least its active phase.
The study notes that 55% of the IT companies surveyed have not yet relocated: 25% have switched to remote work, and 30% work remotely and partly in the office.
Among IT companies that carried out relocation, relocation within Ukraine prevails (45%). 42% of companies partially relocated abroad, of which only 5% of companies closed part of their offices in Ukraine.
At the same time, none of the surveyed IT companies has carried out a complete relocation abroad.
In addition, none of the surveyed IT companies intends to completely shut down their business in Ukraine.
According to IT Ukraine, the study was conducted among the members of the association, which currently number more than 120 companies.
601 enterprises have completed relocation from areas where hostilities continue under the state relocation program, 390 of them have already resumed work at new sites in the western regions of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economy reported.
“Another 87 enterprises are at different stages of transportation. Soon another 151 enterprises will move, which are currently on the routes or draw up the necessary documents,” the information on the ministry’s website says.
According to it, the most popular areas for relocation of enterprises are Zakarpattia, Lviv and Chernivtsi. The business also finds new places to locate its facilities in Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Vinnitsa and other regions.
The movement of equipment is carried out by the facilities of Ukrzaliznytsya, Ukrposhta or by its own resources (with compensation), reminds the Ministry of Economy.
As reported, the program to move Ukrainian production from the zone of active hostilities started in mid-March. According to the head of the parliamentary committee on finance, tax and customs policy of Ukraine, Danila Getmantsev, as of March 27, 1,120 applications were received under the evacuation program, of which 368 were transferred for transportation. By this date, the number of displaced enterprises under the evacuation program has reached 89, of which 47 have already resumed work in a new location.
The Ministry of Economy then updated the data as of April 5: the number of applications for relocation increased to 1424, relocated enterprises – up to 178, resumed work – up to 67.
According to the Ministry of Economy, as of May 12, the number of displaced enterprises increased by 510, a
