In 2023, the number of Americans who use marijuana on a daily basis exceeded the number of those who drink alcohol daily, the Associated Press reports, citing a study by Carnegie Mellon University.
About 17.7 million people consumed marijuana daily or almost daily the year before last, compared to 14.7 million who drink alcohol with the same frequency, the study said. For comparison, in 1992, less than 1 million Americans used marijuana almost daily.
“A good 40% of marijuana users use it daily or almost daily. This pattern of consumption is more closely associated with tobacco than alcohol,” said Jonathan Caulkins, a researcher at the university.
He emphasized that the data is based on surveys, and respondents may have been more willing to admit to daily marijuana use due to the fact that it is becoming more socially acceptable in the United States.
While marijuana is legal in most states for medical or recreational use, it is still prohibited at the federal level.
Studies show that frequent use increases the likelihood of becoming addicted to marijuana or developing cannabinoid psychosis, said David Gorelick, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Ukraine is negotiating to maximise possible imports of electricity from European Union countries to compensate for the generation capacity destroyed by the Russian attacks, Ukrainian energy minister said on Friday.
Russian missile and drone attacks on Ukraine’s energy sector have intensified since March, resulting in significant damage and blackouts in many regions.
The attacks have caused more than $1 billion of damage to the sector, leading to the loss of 8,000 MWh of generating capacity from the energy system, the government says.
Currently, Ukraine can import from the EU states no more than 1,700 Mwh of electricity simultaneously.
“We’re negotiating. Our task is to maximise this figure,” Energy Minister German Galushchenko told parliament.
“Technically, we can receive (import) more than 2,000 Mwh, even 2,400 Mwh. I’m sure a decision will be made,” he added.
Volodymyr Kudrytskiy, the head of Ukraine’s national power grid operator Ukrenergo, told Ukraine’s Telegraf that 1,700 Mwh is “the ceiling for now”.
“Everything will depend on how quickly our European colleagues – energy system operators of neighbouring countries – will be able to implement projects to expand the capacity of their grids,” Kudrytskiy said.
He said that European grid companies need time and money to reinforce some of their substations, install additional transformers or build new transmission lines.
“We think 3,500 to 4,000 Mwh of interstate interconnector capacity is something we can have in the horizon of five years,” Kudrytskiy noted.
IMPORTS
Energy minister Galushchenko did not say exactly how much imports are being discussed now, but Maxim Timchenko, the head of Ukraine’s largest private energy company, DTEK, said earlier this month that an increase to 2,200 Mwh could significantly improve the situation.
DTEK has lost about 90% of its power generation capacity due to Russian missile attacks in recent months.
DTEK data showed that Ukraine consumed around 13,000 Mwh before the attacks as of March 17 but after a series of Russian attacks on the energy system, consumption fell to 9,100 Mwh.
Due to power shortages, Ukrainian power grid operator Ukrenergo has been forced to introduce regular shutdowns of industrial consumers and households and maintain high import rates.
Problems with power generation can have a “potentially negative impact” on industry, especially the largest electricity consumers, the economy ministry said this week.
Drop from £1,690 driven by fall in wholesale gas prices but household bills still substantially higher than three years ago.
The energy price cap in Great Britain will fall 7% to the equivalent of £1,568 a year this summer after a drop in wholesale gas prices.
Set by the energy regulator, Ofgem, the cap reflects the average annual dual-fuel bill for 29m households and takes effect from July until the end of September.
The cap, which is set quarterly, will fall by £122 in July from its current level of £1,690, easing the pressure on household finances.
Although that represents a fillip for hard-pressed consumers, it still leaves bills far above the £1,154 cap in the summer of 2021, before the energy crisis. Wholesale gas prices began to rise sharply in 2021 and escalated after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in early 2022.
Bills have since eased from their peak in 2023 – when the cap reached £4,279 but the government subsidised bills to keep them at £2,500 – but remain above pre-crisis levels, meaning millions of households are expected to remain in fuel poverty.
Jess Ralston, an energy analyst at the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, said: “Households are still struggling with bills that are hundreds of pounds higher than pre-crisis levels, and estimates suggest bills may rise again as we head into winter.
“Whatever colour the next government is, we’ll be heading into a winter still heavily dependent on volatile gas markets, going backwards on our energy independence. The cost of living, driven in part by energy bills, and the UK’s energy security may well be key election issues – so how the parties choose to tackle them will likely be in the spotlight.”
The price cap is expected to rise slightly in October before falling again in January 2025, according to analysis by the consultancy Cornwall Insight. It had forecast July’s cap would be £1,574 a year.
The start of the Ukrainian Embassy in Mauritania will be a new page of Ukrainian-Mauritanian relations and will open many additional opportunities: political, economic, trade, humanitarian, said Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba.
“Raised the Ukrainian flag in Mauritania. In the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott, the Ukrainian embassy officially started its work. We continue to expand our presence and strengthen our position in Africa,” – wrote Kuleba in Instagram.
The Minister noted that Mauritania is an important country for Ukraine. In particular, because Mauritania now chairs the African Union, the continent’s key international organization with 55 member states.
“Secondly, it is a promising trade partner for Ukraine, the volume of trade turnover and its nomenclature can be significantly expanded. Thirdly, Mauritania is important in the context of international anti-terrorist efforts in the Sahel region. Ukrainian experience in the field of security here can have a great demand,” Kuleba pointed out.
At the same time, he emphasized that trade between the two countries gradually grew before the full-scale war, but political relations hardly developed.
“Last year we changed this trend. I had the first telephone conversation in the history of bilateral relations and then a face-to-face meeting with my Mauritanian counterpart. Regular contacts between our agencies began. The start of the Embassy will be a new page of Ukrainian-Mauritanian relations and will open a lot of additional opportunities: political, economic, trade, humanitarian,” – wrote the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Ferrexpo plc, a mining company with major assets in Ukraine, and Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH, a subsidiary of German steel company Salzgitter AG, have announced that they will strengthen their cooperation.
According to a stock exchange announcement, the companies signed a memorandum of understanding for the supply of direct reduced iron (DRI) pellets for the production of low-carbon steel.
It is specified that the memorandum on the use of pellets in SALCOS (Salzgitter Low CO2-Steelmaking), a production facility of Salzgitter, provides for the implementation of a decarbonization program, joint development of strategies for the use of raw materials within environmentally friendly supply chains.
“We have agreed on the terms of our cooperation for the future. Ferrexpo’s DR pellets can significantly reduce emissions in steel production under the SALCOS program,” explained Jaroslawa Blonska, Acting Marketing Director at Ferrexpo.
Gerd Baresh, Technical Director of Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH, expressed his hope for intensified cooperation in the context of the SALCOS program: “This agreement will help us reduce carbon emissions in our supply chains and stimulate the production of environmentally friendly steel.”
The SALCOS program is expected to be technically completed by 2033.
Ferrexpo is an iron ore company with assets in Ukraine. Ferrexpo owns 100% of shares in Poltava Mining, 100% of shares in Yeristovo Mining and 99.9% of shares in Bilanivsky Mining.
State-owned PrivatBank, Oschadbank and Ukreximbank have purchased the largest amount of domestic government bonds since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion and have become market leaders in terms of government bonds with UAH 316 billion, UAH 154.2 billion and UAH 130.5 billion, respectively.
“PrivatBank’s clients mainly invest in hryvnia domestic government bonds (64.5%) and US dollar bonds (33.7%). At the same time, 80% of clients reinvest in securities of the Ministry of Finance when redeeming government bonds,” the financial institution’s press service said.
PrivatBank noted that every third hryvnia of the 1 trillion hryvnia raised in government bonds since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia was invested by the bank or its clients.
In its turn, Oschadbank clarified that UAH 154.23 billion in equivalent of the total portfolio of domestic government bonds, UAH 26.6 billion, was purchased since the beginning of 2024, UAH 65.29 billion in 2023, and UAH 62.34 billion in 2022.
The top three are followed by the state-owned Ukrgasbank, which purchased the equivalent of UAH 89.3 billion of domestic government bonds in the primary market.
Among the top ten banks in the country in terms of assets, FUIB and Sens Bank also published data on investments in domestic government bonds.
Thus, according to the information on FUIB’s website, the amount of investments of more than 2 thousand clients of the bank (both individuals and legal entities) in government bonds since the beginning of the full-scale invasion has reached 1.6 billion in national currency, while foreign currency portfolios amounted to more than $50.5 million and EUR10.5 million, respectively.
The press service of Sens Bank indicates that as of today, the financial institution’s portfolio of government bonds held by individual investors is over UAH 8.1 billion, which “corresponds to about 13% of the total portfolio of government bonds held by individual investors in the country.”
“(…) our bank’s clients, both individuals and business representatives, continue to actively invest in securities. Thus, in April this year alone, our clients purchased government bonds worth UAH 1.87 billion, of which UAH 1.6 billion were military bonds,” the bank noted.
Sens emphasized that clients prefer hryvnia bonds, as the bank’s information shows that in April this year, 53% of consumers preferred them.
Other banks from the “Big Ten” by assets as of April 1 this year – Raiffeisen, Ukrsibbank, Universal Bank (mono) and Credit Agricole – did not publish information on the volume of purchases of government bonds since the beginning of February 24, 2022 on their websites at the time of the publication of this material.
At the same time, Kredobank, the 14th largest bank by assets, reported that its clients have invested more than UAH 3 billion in government bonds since the beginning of the full-scale Russian aggression, and more than 70% of this amount was invested in military bonds.
Kredobank reminded that it was one of the first banks to cancel brokerage fees for the purchase of military bonds after the war started and reduced the minimum investment amount in government securities to UAH 50 thousand.
“The main preferences of Kredobank’s customers for 2024 are short-term, up to 1 year, military government bonds in national and foreign currencies. We also observe that after the maturity of the bonds, more than 50% of customers re-invest their funds, doubling the amount,” said Serhii Kucheriavyi, Director of the Liquidity and Securities Department of the bank.
As reported, the Ministry of Finance managed to lower interest rates by another 0.1-0.27 percentage points (p.p.) at auctions for the placement of domestic government bonds on Tuesday, May 21, bringing the total decrease to 0.92-1.37 p.p. after the National Bank cut the discount rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum on April 26.
According to the website of the Ministry of Finance, the cut-off rate for one-year securities decreased from 15.15% to 15.05%, for two-year securities – from 16.2% to 16.08%, and for three-year securities – from 17.2% to 16.93%.
