Passenger traffic across the Ukrainian border in the third week of December, from December 13 to 19, jumped by 26.3% to 562,000 as Christmas approached, and this weekend the increase reached 50%, causing queues at the border with Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia, according to data from the State Border Service.
According to them, the number of border crossings for departure increased to 279,000 from 226,000 a week earlier, while the increase for entry was even more significant – to 283,000 from 219,000.
This Saturday, December 20, the number of border crossings for exit and entry was also similar – 62,000 and 63,000, compared to 41,000 and 39,000, respectively, on the previous Saturday.
The number of vehicles that passed through checkpoints this week also jumped to 140,000 from 123,000 a week earlier, while the flow of vehicles carrying humanitarian cargo remained at around 520.
According to the State Border Service, as of 12:00 on Sunday, there were no queues at the border with Romania and Poland, while at the borders with three other countries, there were queues at all checkpoints.
At the border with Poland, most passenger cars and buses were waiting to cross at the Krakovets checkpoint – 150 and 20, respectively. The queue at the Ustyluh checkpoint consisted of 125 cars and 15 buses, at the Rava-Ruska checkpoint – 110 cars, Smilnytsia checkpoint – 85 cars and 6 buses, Shehyni checkpoint – 80 cars and 19 buses, Hrushev checkpoint – 80 cars and 9 buses, Nizhankovychi checkpoint – 80 cars and 1 bus, Ugrinov checkpoint – 75 cars and 9 buses, Yagodin checkpoint – 30 buses (passage of passenger cars is temporarily suspended).
Forty passenger cars and two buses were waiting to cross the border with Slovakia at the Uzhgorod checkpoint, and 30 cars were waiting at the Maly Berezny checkpoint.
At the border with Hungary, the longest queues were at the Luzhanka and Dzvinovo checkpoints, with 50 and 45 cars, respectively. There were 30 cars at the Kosino and Vilok checkpoints and 5 at the Tisa checkpoint.
The total number of border crossings this week is slightly lower than last year. At that time, 294,000 people left Ukraine and 290,000 entered the country over the same 7 days, although the flow of cars was lower – 134,000.
Last year, a 28.1% jump in passenger traffic was recorded this week, and the following week it increased by another 12.5%.
As reported, from May 10, 2022, the outflow of refugees from Ukraine, which began with the start of the war, was replaced by an influx that continued until September 23, 2022, and amounted to 409,000 people. However, since the end of September, possibly influenced by news of mobilization in Russia and “pseudo-referendums” in the occupied territories, followed by massive shelling of energy infrastructure, the number of people leaving has exceeded the number of people entering. In total, from the end of September 2022 to the first anniversary of the full-scale war, it reached 223,000 people.
During the second year of full-scale war, the number of border crossings to leave Ukraine, according to the State Border Service, exceeded the number of crossings to enter by 25,000, during the third year by 187,000, and since the beginning of the fourth year by 203,000.
As Sergei Sobolev, then Deputy Minister of Economy, noted in early March 2023, the return of every 100,000 Ukrainians home results in a 0.5% increase in GDP.
In its July inflation report, the National Bank worsened its migration forecast: while in April it expected a net inflow of 0.2 million people to Ukraine in 2026, it now forecasts a net outflow of 0.2 million, which corresponds to the estimate of the net outflow this year. “Net return will only begin in 2027 (about 0.1 million people, compared to 0.5 million in the previous forecast),” the NBU added and confirmed this forecast at the end of October. In absolute terms, the National Bank estimates the number of migrants currently remaining abroad at about 5.8 million.
According to updated UNHCR data, the number of Ukrainian refugees in Europe as of December 11, 2025, was estimated at 5.311 million (5.331 million as of November 14), and 5.860 million (5.850 million) worldwide.
In Ukraine itself, according to the latest UN data for July this year, there are 3.340 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), compared to 3.757 million in April.
Imports of insulated wires and cables to Ukraine in January-November 2025 increased by 27.8% compared to the same period in 2024, reaching $541.5 million, according to the State Customs Service. In November of this year, imports of these products increased by 23.6% compared to November 2024, reaching $46.3 million, which is 22.6% higher than in October 2025.
Hungary was the largest supplier of wires and cables to the Ukrainian market in January-November, with a volume of $143.1 million (26.4% of imports). China ranks second with $116.7 million (21.6%), followed by Poland with $88.9 million (16.4%). In 2024, the main volumes were imported from Hungary ($120 million), Poland ($74.4 million), and China ($66.3 million, respectively).
According to State Customs Service data, at the end of 2024, imports of insulated wires and cables to Ukraine increased by 9.3% compared to 2023, to $475 million, while exports increased by 60.2%, to $1.275 billion.
Transmission system operators (TSOs) of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania launched the first monthly auctions for the allocation of cross-border capacity on Monday, according to Ukrenergo.
They are being held on December 15-17 on the Joint Allocation Office (JAO) platform with delivery in January 2026. The final results of the auctions are to be announced on December 23. According to information on the JAO, the capacity of the interconnection with Hungary is 460 MW, with Romania and Slovakia – 172 MW each. No interconnection capacity is offered from Ukraine.
“Long-term auctions for the allocation of cross-border transmission capacity are definitely beneficial for the Ukrainian electricity market. In the context of massive Russian attacks on our energy system, we really need confidence in a stable supply of electricity imports every month,” commented Vitaliy Zaychenko, chairman of the board of Ukrenergo, whose words are quoted in the company’s Telegram message.
“We are grateful to our partners at ENTSO-E and the JAO auction platform, as well as our colleagues from the energy system operators of neighboring EU countries for their effective cooperation. We hope that it will continue and that annual auctions will also be introduced in the future,” said Zaychenko.
According to NEC, the introduction of such auctions was made possible thanks to cooperation with TSOs of neighboring countries and with the support of the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E). Work on the rules for long-term allocation for the EU’s external borders has been ongoing for the past two years.
“After these rules were approved by the national regulators of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania, it became possible to allocate free capacity at inter-state crossings through monthly long-term auctions. For Ukraine, this means more effective price forecasting and, in the long term, a reduction in the cost of imported electricity,” Ukrenergo explained.
As noted in the report, on a global scale, monthly auctions contribute to closer integration of the Ukrainian and European energy markets and ensure greater stability of Ukraine’s integrated energy system.
As reported, with the start of a full-scale invasion, given the military risks, ENTSO-E agreed only to daily auctions for the distribution of inter-state cross-border capacity for import and export operations with electricity.
At the same time, traders and energy companies have repeatedly pointed out that the absence of long-term auctions, in particular monthly and annual ones, hinders the effective attraction of imported electricity.
In early December, Vitaliy Zaychenko, Chairman of the Board of NEC Ukrenergo, told Energorforma that he expects the first long-term (monthly) auctions for the distribution of inter-state crossings with Romania, Hungary, and Slovakia since the start of the war to be successful.
“I think these auctions will take place. The market is definitely waiting for long-term auctions. Therefore, I think that the entire proposed cross-border capacity will be sold,” he said.
“Unfortunately, there will be no auctions in Poland because the Polish transmission system operator does not give its consent,” added the head of Ukrenergo.
It should be noted that the auctions launched today are joint, i.e., they are held simultaneously by both operators. The TSO agreed on this mechanism in 2023, and so far, daily auctions have been held under it. Monthly auctions were previously held in Moldova and Poland (Dobrotvir-Zamosc crossing), where unilateral auctions are still in place instead of joint ones.
According to Serbian Economist, Budapest, Hungary, ranked first in Radical Storage’s list of the world’s dirtiest cities, compiled based on an analysis of tourist reviews of the cleanliness of popular attractions in 100 major tourist destinations.
According to the study, 37.9% of reviews mentioning cleanliness in Budapest were negative, which was the worst result among all cities surveyed. Rome (35.7% negative reviews), Las Vegas (31.6%), Florence (29.6%), and Paris (28.2%) followed.
The top 20 cities perceived as the dirtiest by tourists also included Milan, Verona, Frankfurt, Brussels, Cairo, Heraklion, New York, Barcelona, Johor Bahru, Seville, San Francisco, Miami, Hyderabad, London, and Osaka. In all these cities, the share of negative reviews about cleanliness ranges from 15.6% to 26.8%.
The authors of the study note that the most criticism for cleanliness is received by mass tourist centers with historic centers and high loads on urban infrastructure. In the case of Budapest, one possible reason is that the waste management system has not been able to keep up with the growth in tourist traffic, which, according to Etias, increased by 8.3% in Hungary in September 2025 and by 12% in the capital itself compared to the same month in 2024.
Radical Storage emphasizes that the rating reflects not objective sanitary indicators, but rather the subjective perception of cleanliness by tourists, as recorded in English-language Google reviews of key attractions in the 100 leading cities in the world according to the Euromonitor index.
According to Serbian Economist, regular rail service between Belgrade and Budapest will start on February 20: passengers will once again be able to travel between the two capitals by train without changing trains. After modernization, the line is designed for train speeds of up to 160 km/h, which significantly reduces travel time and makes the train competitive with road transport.
In fact, this is not only about the “return of the train” between the two capitals, but also about Serbia’s inclusion in the wider Central Europe-Balkans-Aegean Sea transport corridor. Belgrade is gaining a stronger role as a transit hub for freight and passenger flows, and the route is becoming more attractive for logistics and industrial projects.
https://t.me/relocationrs/1894
According to Serbian Economist, Hungary is preparing to tighten tax supervision in a number of economic sectors, including real estate rentals through online platforms, delivery and courier services, and cryptocurrency transactions.
According to Daily News Hungary, the Minister of Economy has submitted two bills to parliament that would require foreign platforms to provide Hungarian tax authorities with detailed data on users and their transactions starting in 2026.
The following will be subject to regulation:
1) private individuals renting out apartments through Airbnb and similar services;
2) couriers and drivers working with Wolt, Uber, and other platforms;
3) investors trading cryptocurrencies through Revolut, Binance, and other exchanges.
Tax authorities will have direct access to information about the income of Hungarian individuals and legal entities, bypassing the self-declaration system.
According to the documents, service providers will be required to provide the company name, registered address, tax number, and personal data (name, date of birth, transaction volume).
Experts note that Hungary’s initiative is not limited to combating landlords — it covers the entire digital economy segment, where control was previously difficult.
“The aim is to create a system of transparency that will increase tax revenues without raising base rates,” the government notes.
Analysts believe that the new rules could affect the rental market in Budapest and other major cities. For foreign citizens living in Hungary and renting apartments through Airbnb, tax risks and administrative obligations will increase.
“Until now, many foreigners have used Hungary as a platform for investing in the rental business. Now, some of them may reconsider their strategy, which in the long run will lead to a reduction in the supply of short-term rentals and, possibly, an increase in prices in the long-term segment,” real estate market experts note.
Hungary is traditionally considered one of the EU countries with relatively low corporate taxes (9%), but the upcoming tightening of control over the digital economy shows the government’s desire to expand the tax base.
CRYPTOCURRENCIES, HUNGARY, real estate rental, tax supervision
