According to the “Serbian Economist,” five EU countries—the Netherlands, Croatia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia—have called for a pause before closing the remaining negotiation chapters with Montenegro, reports the Podgorica-based newspaper Dan, citing diplomatic sources in Brussels.
The Netherlands initiated the move, demanding further analysis of Montenegro’s compliance with European criteria and a more consistent application of established standards. Croatia and the three Baltic countries subsequently joined this position.
This has already affected the negotiation schedule. The EU–Montenegro intergovernmental conference scheduled for September—at which Podgorica had hoped to close new chapters—will not take place.
However, Brussels’ official line is more conciliatory. An EU representative stated that several countries have not yet completed their internal approval procedures, as many negotiation chapters are technically complex.
“The desire to make progress is there. The work is practically complete. It’s more a matter of timing than anything else,” the EU representative said.
The most optimistic scenario at the moment is that the next intergovernmental conference will be held in mid-October in Luxembourg.
Montenegro remains the candidate that has made the most progress in the EU accession process. The country has opened all 33 negotiation chapters, 18 of which have already been provisionally closed. The last conference took place on July 14, when Chapters 8 (“Competition Policy”) and 29 (“Customs Union”) were closed.
Croatia’s position remains a separate issue. In July, Zagreb refused to agree to the closure of Chapter 14, “Transport Policy,” primarily due to issues regarding cabotage and aviation permits. Croatia also continues to block Chapter 31, “Foreign Policy, Security, and Defense,” due to unresolved bilateral issues with Montenegro.
The Council of the EU officially confirms that Montenegro’s progress continues and that work on new negotiating positions is ongoing.
At the “Carpathian Eight” summit in Bukovel, JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” proposed a project to establish, in partnership with investors, a low-cost passenger carrier on routes between Ukraine and the EU using European-standard tracks, with investments in share capital totaling approximately $441 million.
According to the project description posted on the summit’s website, the carrier’s routes will run from western Ukrainian railway hubs—including Uzhhorod, Lviv, and Kovel—to markets in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically Budapest, Bratislava, Warsaw, Vienna, and Berlin.
As part of the project, there are plans to purchase modern trains for European-standard tracks.
It is noted that the project is in the advanced planning stage, and its implementation is expected to take approximately four years.
Ukrzaliznytsia hopes that this project will attract interest from rail and road carriers in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania.
As previously reported, in late 2018 and in June 2019, trains operated by the state-owned railway companies MÁV-START of Hungary and ZSSK of Slovakia began running on routes from Mukachevo—where the European gauge track ends—to Budapest and Košice, respectively.
On the same route, starting in March 2024, the Czech private carrier RegioJet has been operating services from Chop to Prague; it also cooperates with Ukrzaliznytsia on services to the Polish city of Przemyśl, which borders Ukraine.
In addition, in October 2023, the Polish company SKPL (Stowarzyszenie Kolejowych Przewozów Lokalnych) became the first to launch passenger service on the standard-gauge route between Warsaw and Rava-Ruska, where passengers transferred to Ukrzaliznytsia trains bound for Lviv or Kolomyia. Starting in December 2024, the state-owned operator PKP Intercity also began operating on this route, and SKPL withdrew from it in September 2025.
Ukrzaliznytsia also has plans to extend the European-gauge track to Chernivtsi and Lviv; prior to the full-scale Russian invasion, the possibility of building a new high-speed rail line between Warsaw and Kyiv was also being considered.
As reported, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy noted that agreements on $1 billion in investments had already been reached during the first Carpathian Economic Forum.
The C8 Summit website lists about 90 projects across eight sectors. The energy sector has the most—33—followed by transportation and logistics with 11, industry and manufacturing with 17, and infrastructure and real estate with 12.
In terms of regions, the largest number of projects is listed in Lviv Oblast—30—followed by 14 in Zakarpattia, 13 in Chernihiv Oblast, 11 in Poltava Oblast, and 3 in Bukovina.
The first inaugural summit of the “Carpathian 8” (Carpathian 8 Summit) is taking place at the Bukovel ski resort in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast from September 18 to 20.
European gauge, INVESTMENT, TRANSPORTATION, UKRAINE, UKRZALIZNYTSIA
According to Experts.news, the number of words people speak in everyday life has decreased significantly over the past decade and a half, which could potentially affect social connections, psychological well-being, and communication at work, according to a study by psychologists at the University of Missouri–Kansas City and the University of Arizona.
According to the study, published in the scientific journal Perspectives on Psychological Science, between 2005 and 2019, the average number of words spoken per person decreased by approximately 338 words per day with each subsequent year of observation. As a result, the estimated decline over the entire period was about 28%.
The study is based on data from 2,197 people aged 10 to 94 who participated in 22 research projects conducted primarily in the United States, as well as in Mexico, Australia, and Europe. The assessment relied on periodic audio recordings of the participants’ natural daily lives, rather than their own recollections of how much they spoke.
In an earlier 2007 study using a similar methodology, the average person spoke about 15,959 words per day. In a later combined sample, this figure had dropped to about 12,792 words.
The researchers observed the most pronounced decline among young people. For participants under the age of 25, the number of words spoken decreased by approximately 451 words per day for each year, while for those over 25, it decreased by approximately 314 words. Thus, the rate of decline among young people was approximately 44% higher.
The authors did not identify a specific cause for this trend. The study period coincided with the rapid spread of smartphones, social media, messaging apps, email, and other forms of written digital communication; however, the researchers emphasize that the available data do not allow them to prove that technology itself was the cause of the decline in conversation.
The researchers also point out that texting does not necessarily fully replace the psychological and social functions of face-to-face conversation. Voice communication involves intonation, pauses, emotional cues, and immediate feedback, which are more difficult to convey through text.
The authors link this issue to a broader trend toward increasing social isolation. Previous studies show a consistent link between loneliness and a decline in various indicators of physical and mental health, although a reduction in the number of spoken words has not yet been proven to be the direct cause of such outcomes.
On September 10, Fast Company highlighted the potential implications of this trend for business. Talia Varly, a physician and corporate health specialist, notes that a decline in face-to-face conversations in the workplace potentially means fewer informal interactions among employees, fewer opportunities to discuss problems and voice dissent, and weaker bonds within teams.
In her view, small daily interactions are particularly important—a brief conversation with a colleague, discussing an idea outside a formal meeting, or a few minutes of casual conversation. Such interactions may seem insignificant on their own, but they are precisely what gradually build trust and social bonds within a team.
The rise of remote work and artificial intelligence may further alter the structure of communication. Digital tools allow for faster information exchange and the automation of some correspondence, but at the same time, they can reduce the number of situations in which people need to speak directly with one another.
At the same time, the researchers caution against the overly simplistic conclusion that people need only mechanically increase the number of words they speak. The quality of the conversation, the nature of the relationship, and the social context can be just as important as the duration of the interaction.
However, the study’s authors note that an additional 300 words per day may amount to only a few minutes of conversation—for example, a brief exchange with a neighbor or colleague, or a more detailed response to the common question, “How was your day?”
Thus, the observed decline in conversational activity may be one indicator of broader changes in how people maintain social connections in the age of digital communications. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of this trend on health, loneliness, and productivity.
The volume of containerized freight transported by rail in January–August of this year totaled 202.73 thousand DFE (TEU), which is 33% higher than the figures for the same period in 2025, according to Valery Tkachov, deputy director of the Department of Transportation Technology and Commercial Operations at JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia,” on Facebook.
According to him, the business community considers the shortage of fitting platforms (FTPs) in Ukraine to be the main obstacle to further growth in container transportation volumes.
According to data provided by Tkachov, 27% of container traffic during the reporting period consisted of grain (26% for the first 8 months of 2025), 15% (21%) to ferrous metals, 12% (10%) to oilcake and meal, and 6% each to synthetic resins and oil (5% and 7%, respectively, last year).
The expert noted that, against the backdrop of an overall decline in shipments, the share of container traffic in the total cargo volume rose to a record high of 4.4% over the past year.
Tkachov added that the “Liski” branch of the Central Transport Service (CTS) presented a strategy for selling its own rolling stock, under which 60–80% of the FTL fleet is planned to be sold under long-term USTO contracts, and 20–40% through auctions or on general terms.
Currently, the operational fleet of the “Liski” branch of the Central Transport Service consists of 1,500 FTG units, of which 1,200 are 40-foot units, 265 are 60-foot units, and 48 are 80-foot units.
A representative of “Ukrzaliznytsia” noted that due to increased demand for fitting platforms, the branch has begun selling its scarce fleet through “Prozorro.Sales” auctions.
According to the post, business representatives raised concerns regarding the mechanisms for allocating the railcar fleet between long-term USTO contracts and auctions, suggesting that these mechanisms be revised to account for the specific nature of container transportation. To resolve the issue, meeting participants agreed to transition to long-term cooperation regarding the provision of container railcars under USTO contracts. Company representatives were asked to submit requests within a week detailing their FTT needs for 2026–2027, while “Ukrzaliznytsia” plans to conclude the relevant contracts with all interested companies as soon as possible.
“Having signed USTO contracts will allow us to plan the repair of Ukrzaliznytsia’s freight train fleet, taking into account existing repair capacities,” explained the director of Ukrzaliznytsia’s Department of Transportation Technology and Commercial Operations.
In addition, business representatives proposed considering the possibility of leasing FPTs from the non-operational fleet, assuming the costs of their repairs.
Among other issues, the business community cited incorrect preparation of accompanying documents and charges during export and import shipments at western border crossings, as well as congestion at the “Yagodin-Dorohusk” and “Mostyska-2-Medika” crossings, Tkachov reported.
CONTAINER, LOGISTICS, TRANSPORTATION, UKRAINE, UKRZALIZNYTSIA
In Ukraine, 4,621 enforcement proceedings were initiated between January and August 2026 to collect unpaid wages, which is 16% fewer than during the same period last year, when 5,470 such proceedings were registered, according to data from the Unified Register of Debtors, as analyzed by OpenDataBot.
Despite the decline in the number of new cases, the total volume of unresolved wage arrears remains significant. As of September, the Unified Register of Debtors listed 35,922 active cases related to unpaid wages.
Some of these debts have remained unresolved for many years. In particular, 1,957 active cases were opened as far back as 2017 and have still not been closed.
New cases were filed against 311 companies between January and August 2026. Of these, 144—or about 46%—are private enterprises, 117 are state-owned, and another 50 belong to local communities.
Thus, state-owned and municipal companies together account for more than half of the enterprises against which new enforcement proceedings regarding wage arrears were initiated this year.
OpenDataBot compiles statistics based on the Unified Register of Debtors, into which enforcement proceedings are entered after the relevant decisions on debt collection are issued.
Source: OpenDataBot, data for January–August 2026.
According to Fixygen, the cryptocurrency market is ending the week of September 14–18 with a moderate rebound following sharp volatility: Bitcoin has returned to around $78,000, Ethereum is holding above $2,500, although U.S. spot ETFs recorded net outflows, and the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates for the first time in more than three years.
According to CoinGecko data as of September 18, Bitcoin is trading at approximately $78,100, Ethereum at $2,510, BNB at around $750, and XRP at around $1.33. The total market capitalization of the cryptocurrency market is approximately $2.77 trillion, with a daily trading volume of about $93 billion. Over the past seven days, Bitcoin has risen by about 1%, Ethereum by 1.2%, BNB by more than 5%, and XRP by approximately 1.5%.
The start of the week was significantly more volatile. On September 14, Bitcoin was trading around $78,200, but by September 15, it had fallen to approximately $75,600. The next day, prices remained near $76,100, after which the market began to recover through Friday.
One of the main factors putting pressure on the market was the decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve. On September 16, the Fed unanimously raised the target range for the federal funds rate by 25 basis points—to 3.75–4%. The U.S. central bank attributed the decision to persistently high inflation. This marked the Fed’s first rate hike since 2023.
An additional source of uncertainty for the crypto industry was the U.S. Senate vote on H.R. 3633, known as the CLARITY Act, which aims to establish a comprehensive regulatory framework for the digital asset market and delineate the respective authorities of the SEC and the CFTC. On September 15, a procedural vote to move the bill to the floor ended with 49 votes in favor and 50 against, while three-fifths of the Senate’s votes were required for passage.
Against this backdrop, institutional flows into cryptocurrency ETFs remained negative for most of the week. According to Farside Investors, over the four trading sessions from September 14–17, U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded a combined net outflow of approximately $427 million. Following an inflow of $159.9 million on Monday, investors withdrew $450.4 million on Tuesday and $295.9 million on Wednesday. On Thursday, the trend reversed, with a net inflow of $159.5 million. Data for Friday had not yet been compiled at the time this review was prepared.
The performance of Ethereum ETFs was even weaker. Over the same period, net outflows from U.S. spot Ethereum funds totaled approximately $284 million. On Monday, the funds attracted $121.1 million, but over the next three trading sessions, they lost $142 million, $224.1 million, and $39.3 million, respectively.
At the same time, at the end of the week, the crypto industry received a positive regulatory signal from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). On September 17, the SEC introduced the so-called Innovation Exemption—a temporary five-year regime that, under certain conditions, allows for the trading of tokenized shares of U.S. companies via blockchain infrastructure and permissioned AMM pools. The SEC emphasized that tokenized shares must grant holders the same rights as the corresponding traditional securities.
The news boosted companies involved in digital assets and was one of the factors behind the recovery in market sentiment at the end of the week. In Friday’s trading, Coinbase shares rose by more than 3%, Strategy by about 4%, and Robinhood by 3.5%, while Bitcoin climbed back to the $78,000 range.
At the same time, the global macroeconomic backdrop remains challenging for risk assets. The yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds exceeded 5% this week, and the price of Brent crude remained above $100 per barrel amid geopolitical tensions and risks to energy supplies. High oil prices exacerbate inflationary risks and may support a tighter monetary policy by central banks, which traditionally curbs demand for crypto assets.
Thus, according to Fixygen’s assessment, the main outcome of the week was the resilience of the largest cryptocurrencies in the face of a simultaneous deterioration in the monetary and regulatory environment. Bitcoin closed the previous week near $77,100 and, as of September 18, is trading above $78,000, while the crypto market’s total market capitalization rose from approximately $2.73 trillion to $2.77 trillion.
At the same time, negative outflows from ETFs indicate that the recovery has not yet been accompanied by a steady return of large institutional capital. Next week, the market will continue to be driven by expectations regarding the Fed’s next moves, trends in U.S. bonds and oil, inflows into cryptocurrency ETFs, and the future of legislation governing the structure of the U.S. cryptocurrency market.
