Democratic staff members of the U.S. Senate’s Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (PSI) published a study on the use of the USDT stablecoin in financial transactions linked to Iran and sanctioned entities.
The report was released on September 28, 2026, by Senator Richard Blumenthal, the senior Democrat on the PSI. It is important to note that the report’s findings represent the position of the subcommittee’s Democratic investigators and do not constitute a judicial determination of wrongdoing on the part of Tether.
The authors conducted a blockchain analysis of 846 cryptocurrency wallets that had been included on U.S. or Israeli sanctions lists or were subject to confiscation measures due to alleged ties to Iran and its regional entities.
According to the investigation, 84% of the wallets examined used USDT exclusively or almost exclusively. The authors assert that the stablecoin has become one of the primary tools for moving funds within the Iranian-linked shadow financial infrastructure.
The report also asserts that such transactions were used by entities linked to the Central Bank of Iran, oil operations, and regional organizations.
Blumenthal called on the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate possible violations of sanctions and banking laws.
Tether, for its part, claims to be cooperating with U.S. law enforcement agencies. According to Reuters, the company states that in 2026 it froze nearly $550 million in USDT linked to Iran.
The new report may intensify the debate surrounding AML control requirements for stablecoin issuers, particularly as the U.S. is establishing a new federal regulatory framework for this market.
According to Fixygen, the volume of tracked cross-border transfers in stablecoins rose by 77.5% over the latest reporting period—from $124.2 billion to $220.3 billion, according to data from the Chainalysis Geography of Cryptocurrency Report 2026, published on September 23.
The average monthly volume of cross-border transactions more than doubled—from approximately $11 billion in January 2025 to $24 billion in June 2026.
Chainalysis emphasizes, however, that the actual volume of international stablecoin transfers is likely significantly higher. The statistics include only transactions for which the company can identify both the sender’s and recipient’s countries.
A distinctive feature of the market is the relatively small size of transactions. The average cross-border transfer is about $3,000, which, according to analysts, does not correspond to typical institutional transactions.
This pattern points to the growing practical use of stablecoins—for paying suppliers, sending money between countries, and transferring savings out of unstable national currencies.
At the same time, the geography of fund flows is changing. The largest quarter of cross-border routes accounts for 96.1% of the value of transfers, but Chainalysis has observed the rapid emergence of new payment corridors.
During the period under review, 4,708 new cross-border routes emerged, through which a total of $2.64 billion was transferred. The world’s largest stablecoin, USDT, plays a significant role in these transactions.
Growth continues even amid weak conditions in the cryptocurrency market. The total volume of funds flowing into cryptocurrency services decreased by 4.3%—from $9.3 trillion to $8.9 trillion—while the inflow of stablecoins to these services increased by 5.3%.
Peer-to-peer transactions are growing even faster. The volume of transfers between personal wallets within individual countries more than quadrupled—from $56.8 billion to $228.7 billion.
According to Chainalysis, stablecoins are becoming less dependent on speculative cycles in the crypto market and are gradually forming an independent international payment infrastructure.
Tether, the issuer of the world’s largest stablecoin, USDT, has launched StableFund, a private credit investment fund, in partnership with the asset management firm Fasanara Capital, according to Fixygen.
The fund’s initial capital amounts to $400 million, provided by Tether and Fasanara. Going forward, the partners intend to raise up to $3 billion in institutional capital from third-party investors.
StableFund will provide loans primarily to small and medium-sized enterprises that face difficulties in securing bank financing. According to the project organizers’ estimates, the global funding gap for small and medium-sized businesses amounts to approximately $5.7 trillion.
Tether and Fasanara estimate the global private credit market itself at roughly $3 trillion, and it could grow to $5 trillion by 2029.
A key feature of the project is the use of stablecoin infrastructure to finance companies in the real economy. This means that USDT is gradually moving far beyond its traditional role as a settlement instrument for crypto exchanges.
For Tether, this marks a continuation of its business diversification. The company is already investing in government bonds, gold, Bitcoin, energy projects, artificial intelligence, and telecommunications.
The launch of StableFund demonstrates a new market trend: the largest stablecoin issuers are beginning to transform from infrastructure companies in the crypto sector into full-fledged financial intermediaries.
For USDT itself, this also potentially creates an additional source of real demand—the use of the stablecoin not only for crypto trading and international money transfers, but also for business lending.
The total market capitalization of the global stablecoin market has reached approximately $305.4 billion, continuing to grow amid the widespread adoption of digital dollars in cryptocurrency payments, trading, and decentralized finance, according to Fixygen.
According to DefiLlama, as of September 10, 2026, the supply of stablecoins has increased by approximately $1.69 billion, or 0.56%, over the past seven days, and by 1.6% over the past 30 days.
Tether (USDT) remains the largest stablecoin with a market capitalization of about $183.4 billion. It accounts for approximately 60% of the entire segment.
In second place is USDC, issued by Circle, with a market capitalization of about $74.5 billion. Over the past month, its supply has increased by approximately 3%.
Thus, the two largest dollar-pegged stablecoins alone control about 84.4% of the entire market.
In third place is Sky Dollar (USDS) with a market capitalization of approximately $6.64 billion, followed by DAI at $4.79 billion and Ethena USDe at approximately $4.44 billion.
USDe has recently shown the most notable growth among major stablecoins: its market capitalization has increased by approximately 13% over the past month.
The growth in stablecoin market capitalization is an important indicator of the state of the cryptocurrency market. Unlike the rise in the value of Bitcoin or Ethereum, an increase in the market capitalization of dollar-pegged tokens largely signifies the emergence of additional nominal volume of digital dollars that can be used for trading, remittances, lending, and other transactions within the cryptoeconomy.
Therefore, the growth in the supply of stablecoins is often viewed as an indicator of increased available liquidity. However, this in itself does not guarantee further growth in Bitcoin or other crypto assets—some of the funds may be used for settlements, international transfers, or held outside of risky assets.
The market structure remains extremely concentrated: USDT accounts for six out of every ten dollars of the segment’s market capitalization, and the gap between Tether and its closest competitor, USDC, exceeds $108 billion.
Stablecoins are digital tokens whose value is typically pegged to traditional currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar. They are one of the main settlement instruments in the cryptocurrency market and, at the same time, are increasingly being used beyond its borders for international payments and money transfers.
Data source: DefiLlama Stablecoins
According to Fixygen, USDT and USDC reserves are largely invested in short-term U.S. Treasury bonds (US Treasuries) and repo transactions backed by them.
The market capitalization of USDT reached approximately $183 billion, while the amount of USDC in circulation in the second quarter totaled $73.3 billion.
Circle explicitly states that USDC reserves include short-term Treasury bonds and overnight repos backed by Treasury bonds, notably through a BlackRock fund.
As a result, the growing use of digital dollars automatically increases demand for U.S. government debt.
This is precisely why the U.S. administration views the proliferation of stablecoins not only as a fintech project but also as a way to boost international demand for the dollar and Treasury bonds.
BIS Chairman Pablo Hernández de Cos also acknowledged that stablecoins have the potential to lower the cost of U.S. government financing, although they may simultaneously increase the cost of bank financing.
bond, DOLLAR, stablecoin, U.S., USDT
According to Fixygen, stablecoins are gradually evolving from a primarily exchange-based instrument into a means of everyday payments.
In July, spending via stablecoin-linked payment cards exceeded $1 billion per month for the first time, according to Paymentscan data cited by Reuters.
RedotPay forecasts that by 2028, the volume of direct card payments in stablecoins could reach $50 billion per year.
The technology is spreading particularly rapidly in Latin America and Africa, where dollar-pegged stablecoins are used as a means of savings, international remittances, and access to the dollar payment system.
RedotPay already serves over 8 million users, and its clients’ annual transaction volume exceeds $14 billion, including account top-ups and card payments.
The main change is that users no longer need to view USDT or USDC as cryptocurrencies. They can hold digital dollars and make payments with a regular Visa or Mastercard, while the conversion takes place within the payment infrastructure.
However, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) remains skeptical. On August 28, BIS Governor Pablo Hernández de Cos stated that stablecoins are not yet a sufficiently reliable global payment system due to risks related to financial stability, anti-money laundering (AML), and the fragmentation of the monetary system.
